Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

Many individuals face challenges meeting basic needs in their lives. Social integration work aims to help individuals improve their quality of life, fostering autonomy and independence.

Developing Essential Life Skills

We must help them acquire social skills such as:

• Working effectively in groups
• Making and maintaining friendships
• Accepting rules, and more.

Also, it is crucial to help them develop strong communication skills. This includes expressing desires, understanding instructions from someone explaining something, and using gestures consistently to indicate agreement or disagreement.

Another important task is to assist in developing work-related skills. This involves areas like managing money, following simple instructions (e.g., operating equipment)... Continue reading "Social Integration Work: Fostering Autonomy and Independence" »

Case Study 1: Sales Team Head Settlement

Employee Details & Salary Structure

Settlement Calculation Steps

Unpaid Salary

• Period: November 1 - November 3 (3 days)

Monthly Salary = 1,090 + 320 + 90 = 1,500 Euros/month

Unpaid Salary for 3 days = (1,500 / 30) * 3 = 150 Euros

Pro-rata

Understanding Electric Current and Circuits

Electric current is the passage of electrical charge through a conductor. This occurs when there is an imbalance of charge between two points of the conductor.

An electric circuit is a set of elements connected together through which electric current flows. For current to flow, the circuit must be closed.

Components of an Electric Circuit

• Generator: Builds and maintains the voltage needed to produce the current.
• Conductors: Pathways through which the electric current flows, usually made of copper or aluminum.
• Receivers: Elements that transform electrical energy into other forms of energy.
• Switching and Control Elements: Direct the flow of electrical current.
• Protection Elements: Protect individuals and the

Level Instruments Based on Electrical Characteristics

Conductive or Resistive Meter

This instrument consists of a probe with two electrodes. When the tip of the electrodes contacts a conductive liquid, it closes an electrical circuit. An amplifier unit then switches a meter contact.

Applications: These serve as level switches for conductive liquids in containers, provided the liquids are not excessively viscous or corrosive.

Ultrasonic Level Meter

This meter uses tunable, high-frequency sound waves that propagate through the gas phase until they collide with the liquid or solid surface.

Usage:

• As an alarm level indicator: The frequency is damped when the liquid wets the sensors.
• As a continuous level indicator: The emitted signal reflects off the liquid/

Defining a Company

A company is a set of persons and resources dedicated to obtaining goods or services with the aim of achieving a greater benefit.

Types of Companies

• According to Legal Form: Trader or sole proprietor, or trading company.
• According to Sector: Primary, secondary, or tertiary.
• According to Ownership: Public, private, or mixed.
• According to Size: Small, large, or medium.

Leadership and Decision-Making

Leadership involves making decisions to achieve specific goals. It can be:

• Centralized: Decisions are made at the highest level.
• Decentralized: Decisions are delegated at various levels.

Organizational Levels of Responsibility

• Steering: Decisions are made for general matters that affect the entire organization.
• Executive: Decisions are technical,

Dental Pathology & Caries Vocabulary

• Pathology: The study of the effects of disease as seen in the structure and function of the body.
• Pathogen: Any organism capable of causing disease.
• Etiology: The study of the causes of disease, including all factors that may be involved in its development.
• Clinical Data: A collection of information gathered about a patient's disease.
  • Symptom: A subjective experience reported by the patient.
  • Sign: An objective finding observed by a clinician (e.g., blood pressure, swelling).
• Diagnosis: The identification of a disease through scientific evaluation of its physical signs, symptoms, medical history, laboratory tests, and other procedures.
• Prognosis: The predicted outcome of a disease, based on the patient's condition

Types of Bone Fractures

According to Their Pattern of Interruption

Incomplete Fracture: The fracture line does not cover the entire thickness of the bone.

• Fissures: Affects part of the thickness of the bone.
• Greenstick Fractures: Bending fractures in flexible bones (children).
• Bamboo Fractures: Children's fractures generated by compression, produced by a wrinkling of the bone cortex.

Complete Fracture: Affecting the entire thickness of the bone. It can be divided into:

• Simple Fractures: They have a single line and there is no displacement.
• Complete Fractures with Displacement: One fragment deflects relative to the other. If the normal alignment of the longitudinal axis of the bone is lost, it is said to be angled (may be in varus or valgus).

Depending

St. Thomas Aquinas' Anthropological Theory of the Middle Ages

**Life and Works of St. Thomas Aquinas**

St. Thomas Aquinas was a Christian theologian, the main representative of the scholastic tradition, and founder of the Thomist school of theology and philosophy. He wrote numerous works, among which are his commentary on Aristotle's thought and theological works such as Summa Theologica, Summa Contra Gentiles, and De Ente et Essentia.

**The Conception of Man in St. Thomas Aquinas**

The conception of man in St. Thomas is based on Aristotle's conception. But, as with the other aspects of his thought, it must be reconciled with the basic beliefs of Christianity: the immortality of the soul and creation. The human being is a substance composed of... Continue reading "St. Thomas Aquinas' Anthropological Theory: Soul and Body" »

Preliminary Title of the Spanish Constitution

Spain is a social and democratic state of law. Sovereignty resides in the Spanish people. The Constitution is based on the indissoluble unity of the Spanish nation. The political form is the parliamentary monarchy.

Castilian is the official language of the State. Other languages are also official in their respective regions.

The state capital is the city of Madrid.

Citizens and public authorities are subject to the Constitution and other legislation.

Title II: The Crown

The person of the King is inviolable and not subject to liability. This means their acts must be countersigned by the Prime Minister, ministers, or the President of the Congress.

Title III: The General Courts

The General Courts (Cortes Generales)... Continue reading "Key Aspects of the Spanish Constitution" »

1. Sales Price, Cost, and Margin Calculation

Defining Sales Price and Commercial Margin

The sale price is determined based on the cost, increased by a rate called the commercial margin.

The selling price of a product is the result of increasing the cost price, adding selling expenses, and including the desired percentage of benefits to obtain.

The cost price (or acquisition cost) is the purchase price plus all associated costs incurred (transport, insurance, etc.), ensuring profitability in terms of the sale.

Gross Margin Calculation

GROSS MARGIN: The difference between the total revenue from the sale and the total purchase costs.

Gross Margin = PV - C (Selling Price - Cost)

To find the gross margin for each product:

Unit Gross Margin = PV_a - C_a (Unit... Continue reading "Commercial Finance Fundamentals: Pricing, Margin, and Interest Calculation" »