Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

The Crisis of the Restoration and Alfonso XIII

Alfonso XIII's reign was marked by the political problems inherent in the Restoration system (Restauración). The political system suffered from a profound lack of credibility and sustainability.

Political Instability and New Forces

Worker demands increased significantly. New political forces began to acquire influence, challenging the established order:

• The PSOE (Spanish Socialist Workers' Party)
• Regionalist forces
• Republican forces

The 1917 Crisis

The crisis of 1917 saw widespread unrest. The military intervened, attempting to maintain the monarchy, which resulted in the Army once again becoming a crucial pillar of the government and the crown.

The Primo de Rivera Dictatorship (1923–1930)

The King's

Company Description

A company is an entity consisting of capital and labor as factors of production. It is dedicated to industrial, commercial, or service provision with a profit motive and carries personal or social responsibility.

Certification of Company Name

Request a name for your company from the Central Commercial Register. We recommend providing three options to ensure availability.

Procedures at the City Council

• Building Permit
• Activity Installation License
• Business License (payment required)

Procedures at the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs

• Registration in the special scheme for self-employed individuals
• Company registration with Social Security
• Communication of workplace opening (number of employees)

Deposit of Capital

Open a bank account... Continue reading "Starting a Business: Essential Steps and Considerations" »

Luis Cernuda (1902-1963)

Born in Seville, Cernuda also lived in Madrid and Salinas. As a student, he strengthened his friendship with members of the Generation of '27. He supported the wartime Republic. In 1938, he exiled himself to Mexico and never returned. A personality characterized by a lonely and painful sensitivity, he was vulnerable. His homosexual condition may explain his disagreement with the world and his rebellion, which is reflected in his life and his work.

Themes

• Loneliness
• Longing for a habitable world
• Craving for perfect beauty
• Love, reflecting the influence of Romantic writers

Style

His poetic language emerges from a triple rejection: of rhythms that are too marked, of rhyme, and of language rich in bright images.

Work

The Reality

The Spanish Crisis of 1917

The year 1917 was marked by profound instability in Spain. The victory of the Russian Revolution in February gave new impetus to the labor movement.

The political system faced simultaneous attacks from three distinct fronts:

1. The Workers: High dissatisfaction among the working class fueled labor unrest.
2. The Bourgeoisie: Led by Francesc Cambó, the Catalan bourgeoisie demanded political renovation, calling for cuts and a total overhaul of the two-party political system.
3. The Army: Military corps formed associated Juntas (Defense Committees), claiming better facilities for promotion and demanding higher wages that had not kept pace with the rise in prices.

Against the Government's refusal to convene the Cortes (Parliament),... Continue reading "The Spanish Crisis of 1917 and the Collapse of the Cánovas System" »

Wage Receipt: Contribution Basis & Income Tax Withholding

Social Security Contribution Basis

The Social Security (SS) contribution base comprises the total compensation received, whether in cash or in kind. It also includes the share of bonuses and other amounts due that are not on a monthly or periodic basis but are paid within the year.

Common Contingencies Base (BCC)

The remuneration payable is computed, excluding overtime. It includes the share of special bonuses. The resulting amount, falling between the basic minimum and maximum base, constitutes the contribution base for common contingencies. The IPREM (Public Multiple Effects Income Indicator) values are: €523.51/month, €17.75/day, and €6,390.13/year.

Professional Contingencies

Major Shareholders' Rights

• Right to Receive Dividends: Shareholders have the right to receive dividends declared by the company.
• Right to Participate in Net Assets: In the event of company liquidation, shareholders have the right to participate in the distribution of net assets.
• Preemptive Rights: Shareholders have preemptive rights in capital increases, allowing them to purchase new shares before they are offered to the public. These rights are often negotiable.
• Voting Rights: Shareholders have the right to vote in general shareholder meetings. Each share typically allows one vote, although there may be shares that do not grant voting rights in exchange for economic benefits.
• Right to Information: Shareholders have the right to access information

Endocrine System

We are formed by a series of glands, whose main characteristic is the production of substances called hormones. These hormones, usually discharged into the blood, perform a variety of functions. They regulate the growth, development, and function of many tissues and coordinate the body's metabolic processes. The most important function is to maintain homeostasis. Some of these glands are:

Hypophysis

A small gland housed at the base of the skull in the center of the sphenoid bone (sella turcica). It produces growth hormone and antidiuretic hormone.

Thyroid

A gland in the neck, at the height of the first tracheal rings. It regulates the growth and maturation of tissues.

Parathyroid

There are four glands located in the back of the thyroid.... Continue reading "Endocrine and Urinary Systems: Functions and Anatomy" »

Long-Term Memory Classification

Long-term memory is divided into the following types:

• Episodic Memory: Storing facts and personal experiences.
• Semantic Memory: Storing information related to our knowledge of the world, often associated with language.
• Procedural Memory: Storing information related to skills that, once learned, are performed almost unconsciously.

Information Retrieval

Information retrieval is the process of accessing and recalling stored information.

Space-Temporal Orientation

This corresponds to the ability of a person to orient themselves with respect to objects, places, and time at a given moment.

It is divided into:

• Temporal Orientation: The ability to place ourselves in time and understand the timeline of events (e.g., parts of the

First Aid

Position the Injured: Place the wounded person on their side to prevent choking and ensure their tongue does not obstruct their airway.

Kit: Soothing agents, betadine, bandages, plasters, thermometer, ointments, syringes, chlorhexidine, tape.

Cardiac Massage

Place the heel of your right hand on the lower half of the sternum and your left hand on top. Perform 60-80 compressions per minute for adults and 100 for babies.

Rescue Breathing

Place the heel of your hand on the forehead of the wounded person, pinch their nose, and lift their jaw with your other hand. Breathe directly into their mouth at a rate of 10 breaths per minute for adults and 15-20 for babies.

Health Concepts

Health

A complete state in which a person normally develops all their... Continue reading "Essential First Aid and Occupational Health Practices" »