Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

Differential GPS (DGPS)

The DGPS (Differential GPS) is a system that provides GPS receivers with corrections to the data received from GPS satellites in order to provide greater precision in the calculated position. It was designed mainly due to the introduction of selective availability (SA). The rationale lies in the fact that the errors produced by the GPS system apply equally (or very similarly) to the receivers close together. The errors are strongly correlated in coming receivers.

A GPS receiver fixed on the ground (reference) that knows exactly where it is based on other techniques, gets the position given by GPS, and can calculate the errors caused by GPS compared with its known position. This receiver transmits the error correction... Continue reading "Differential GPS (DGPS): How it Works and Its Benefits" »

Causes of European Discoveries

The Europeans needed to find new commercial routes to the East because, in 1453, the Turks captured Constantinople. This disrupted trade routes between Europe and the Far East.

Technical Advances

New maps, portulans, were designed especially for navigation. They drew the lines of the maritime coast and the obstacles. These indicated the shortest distance between ports using straight lines.

Portuguese Shipments

Portuguese expeditions inched forward. First, they incorporated the Madeira and Azores islands into their territories. Then, they headed south and skirted the coast of Africa. They doubled Cape Bojador and reached the Gulf of Guinea.

In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope.

Vasco da Gama arrived... Continue reading "Maritime Expansion & Pre-Columbian Civilizations" »

Negotiation Styles and Features

Flexible and Cooperative Style

This style does not worry about the details and does not begin with very clear goals. Instead, it relies on defined negotiation, delegates easily, and often includes shared decision-making.

Flexible and Aggressive Style

This style is not interested in the details and has unclear goals. However, it tracks opportunities and delegates widely.

Negotiation Settlement Approaches

Analytic and Cooperative Approach

1. Cares about the details.
2. Is very well prepared and understands their position.
3. Seeks a defined sequence of events.
4. Is aware of their own side's needs, aims, and desires.
5. Analyzes the partner's strengths and needs, patiently addressing them.
6. Measures progress but may not be overly empathetic.

Understanding Essential Clinical Procedures

This document provides a concise overview of various medical procedures and devices commonly used in patient care, including drains, probes, enemas, and catheterization techniques. It aims to clarify their purposes, indications, and key steps.

Medical Drains and Probes

This section covers various medical drains and probes, detailing their functions and applications in patient care.

1. What Are Medical Drains?

Medical drains are devices used to facilitate the evacuation of organic liquids (septic or aseptic) and air, establishing communication with the outside of the body.

2. Understanding Chest Drains

A chest drain is an aspiration system used to evacuate accumulated liquid or air from the pleural space,... Continue reading "Clinical Procedures: Drains, Probes, Enemas, and Catheterization" »

Psychomotor Skills: Key Definitions and Concepts

Psychomotor Discipline

Psychomotor discipline aims at the harmonious development of a person through techniques that use motor experiences, cognitive and affective, enabling the relationship with oneself and with the outside world, regardless of age. It is used in the fields of prevention, rehabilitation, and treatment.

Types of Psychomotor Approaches

• Directive or Addressed Psychomotor: Based on the application of a psychomotor test set from which the patient's difficulties and the intervention designed to overcome the deficit are identified.
• Experiential or Relational Psychomotor: A more open pedagogical vision that considers the child the manager of their own learning through spontaneous play.

Body

Engine Distribution System Fundamentals

The distribution system is the set of elements that perform the opening and closing of the valves. These valves control the entry and removal of gas in the cylinder, making possible the realization of the four strokes according to the distribution chart.

Key Components of the Valve Train

• Camshaft: Controls valve timing.
• Gears and Transmission System: Transfers motion from the crankshaft.
• Valves, Guides, Seats, and Springs: Control gas flow and ensure proper sealing.
• Pushers, Rockers, and Valve Adjustment System: Transmit motion to the valves.

Types of Valve Actuation Systems

Overhead Valve (OHV) Design

In the OHV system, the valves are located in the cylinder head, but the camshaft is located in the engine block.... Continue reading "Engine Valve Train Systems and Camshaft Drive Mechanisms" »

Building Franchise Confidence

Aspects to offer confidence over a particular franchise include acting in a specific area with dedicated centers, maintaining agreements with financial institutions to facilitate franchisee financing, and ensuring high franchisee satisfaction within the network.

Pre-Contract of Franchise Explained

As its name indicates, a pre-contract of franchise precedes the preliminary contract. It is a written document where the franchisor agrees to reserve, for a specific enterprise, the right to access the franchise in a particular area for a limited time, usually around two months.

Franchise Statements: True or False

• Both franchisor and franchisee are independent: True
• There is no specific Spanish law regulating franchises: True

Funding

Classes of Official Duties

Economic, non-economic, and social union.

A) Economic

Officials are entitled to basic pay, salary and bonuses, triennial bonuses, and additional remuneration for extra allowances, specific productivity, and gratuities.

B) Non-economic Rights

At the office, career development, appropriate treatment, dignity and privacy, leave, etc.

C) Trade Union Rights

To self-organize, to strike, and trade union participation and representation.

D) Social Rights

Contingencies and benefits in general, basic and complementary.

Duties of Officials

The duties of officials are understood as the legal obligations they have regarding the services provided in public administration.

Classes of Duties of Officials

From a moral, professional, and political... Continue reading "Official Duties and Rights in Public Administration" »

Evolution of Spanish Labor Law

The power of employers over workers and lack of unity among workers provoked many abuses.

In Spain, between 1919 and 1931, important labor law codes were first promulgated.

In 1980, the Workers' Statute law was enacted, and in 1995, the Revised Text of the Workers' Statute law was adopted.

Divisions of Law

Traditionally, law is divided into public and private, and these are subdivided in turn into different branches.

Public Law

When the state and public bodies act officially.

Private Law

Governs relations between individuals, or with the state and public agencies when acting privately.

Labor Law

Occupies an intermediate position between public and private law.

Characteristics of Labor Law

Voluntariness

The worker should be... Continue reading "Understanding Labor Law in Spain" »

The scene in the foreground, with figures, depicts Judith beheading Holofernes. The body of Holofernes extends to the bottom of the canvas. The anatomy of the naked body is rendered with absolute perfection. He is depicted as a bearded man with strong muscles. The figure of the maid is waiting with her *mantilla* extended to receive the head and take it to the camp of the Jews. Ocher and white are used to highlight the main figure, and red in the curtains serves to emphasize the importance of the character below. The rest of the room is black, with a gloomy light illuminating the figures. Details such as the earrings that the *Madeleine* had thrown down are now being used by Judith. There is realism in the figures, while the setting is eerie... Continue reading "Caravaggio's Roman Period: Masterpieces and Controversies" »