Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

I Have a Dream (1963)

Classification

• Historical document: Public speech delivered on August 28, 1963, during the March on Washington.
• Originally designed as an homage to the Gettysburg Address, timed to correspond with the centennial of the Emancipation Proclamation.
• The Emancipation Proclamation was an order issued to the Executive Branch by President Lincoln in January 1863; it was not passed by Congress as a law.

Authorship

• Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968): American civil rights activist and clergyman.
• Leader of the civil rights movement who fought for the rights of the African American population.
• Utilized non-violent methods to influence public opinion.
• Assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee.

Context

• Mid-20th Century: Increasing racism against African

Understanding the Old Testament Prophets

Major and Minor Prophets

Major: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel.

Minor: Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi.

What is a Prophet?

A prophet is a messenger of God, a close advisor to the king, true to the Torah, an advocate for the people and God, and an agent of God, a truth-teller.

A prophet is not a fortune teller, a perfect believer, or a prognosticator/predictor of the future.

Superpowers and Empires During the Time of the Prophets

Persia, Egypt, Babylon, Assyria, Rome, Greece (these empires affected the Israelites).

Prophetic Actions

• Isaiah: Walked around naked for 3 years, symbolizing the people would be carried away naked, or without defense.
• Jeremiah:

Translate Verbs and Participles (English to Spanish)

• Enlarge: agrandar
• Lengthen: alargar
• Strengthen: fortalecer
• Tighten: apretar
• Widen: ensanchar
• Bent: doblado
• Chipped: astillado
• Dented: abollado
• Scratched: rayado
• Worn: desgastado

Translate Nouns: Spanish to English

• Cajón: Drawer
• Carretilla elevadora: Forklift
• Carretilla de mano: Wheelbarrow
• Escalera de mano: Ladder
• Botella de vidrio: Glass bottle
• Fregadero: Sink
• Gafas de protección: Safety goggles
• Mangas: Tank
• Migas: Crumbs
• Taladradora: Drill

Writing Numbers in English

• -1,000,000,000: One billion
• -7,500,000: Seven million, five hundred thousand
• -8/3: Eight-thirds
• The year 1862: Eighteen sixty-two
• 691.50: Six hundred ninety-one point five zero (assuming 691,50 means 691.50)

Completing Questions

1. How long does it take

Summer Holidays in Olivella: An Invitation

Hello Sandy, thanks for your email. I am writing because I would like to invite you to my house during your holidays. My family is looking forward to seeing you again.

In summer, the weather in Olivella, my village, is wonderful! We can go to the pool or the beach. There are some nice places to visit around my house, including the beautiful Natural Garraf Park and the Buddhist Monastery. At night, we can go partying in Sitges. You'll love it!

The Spanish food is wonderful, and you know I cook well. Please give my regards to your family; they are lovely. I look forward to hearing from you.

Best wishes and kisses,

Mamen

P.S. Please send me the photos of our last trip!

London Photography Course Inquiry

Dear Sir/... Continue reading "Personal Stories & Inquiries: Life, Travel, and Learning" »

Financial Vocabulary: English to Spanish

• Banknote: billete
• Cash: dinero en efectivo
• Cash machine: cajero
• Cheque book: chequera / talonario de cheques
• Coin: moneda
• Credit card: tarjeta de crédito
• Currency: moneda / divisa
• Purse: monedero
• Wallet: cartera
• Receipt: recibo
• Till: caja registradora
• To afford: permitirse
• To borrow: pedir prestado
• To lend: prestar
• To cost: costar
• To owe: deber
• To pay for: pagar por
• To save: ahorrar
• To earn: ganar
• To spend: gastar
• To change: cambiar

Everyday English Phrases & Expressions

• To spend a lot of time: pasar mucho tiempo
• Don’t get me wrong / Don’t misunderstand me: no me malinterpretes
• Gooseberry: sujetavelas
• Actually: en realidad / de hecho
• The boy/girl of my dreams: el chico/chica de mis sueños
• I got his/her reply straight

Literal Versus Nonliteral Communication

A: Fancy a whisky?

B: I am a muslim.

B explicitly communicates I AM A FOLLOWER OF THE MUSLIM RELIGION.

B implicitly communicates I DON’T FANCY A WHISKY (BECAUSE IT’S ALCOHOLIC AND MUSLIMS DON’T DRINK ALCOHOL).

The more implicit communication is, the more risky it is. If you say “No, thank you” it’s easier to understand than if you say “I am a muslim”. So... Why engage in implicit communication at all? Needless to say, on many occasions one would not be able to provide the same quality and quantity of information unless one chose an implicit utterance.

Disambiguation

- Retired priest may marry Bruce Springsteen. Senses:

1. A retired priest may perform Bruce’s wedding ceremony
2. A retired priest may

Common Speech: The Basis of Poetry

For T.S. Eliot, poetry is language. Wordsworth stated that it was the language spoken by people, but later we find the verbose, rhetoric, and so on. After the 19th century, Eliot and Pound wanted to simplify expressions again and resorted to the colloquial language spoken by everyone. Eliot's works do not always represent the language of the streets. Of Dante, he said that poetry is a perfection of common language. Of Dryden, he said that he restored English verse. His biggest enemy was John Milton, because he wrote as if he were writing in Latin.

His Idea of Literary Tradition

Eliot considers that the poet's role and obligation is to express his epoch in his poems. The poet writes poems, and it is sufficient

Ezra Pound: The Innovator of Modernist Criticism

Ezra Pound was the first innovator, and everything he did was new and directed to supersede the past. He devised the advancement of Modernism. His writings are intransferable and colloquial; they are aggressive and personal. Sometimes, apart from critical writings, we can see his journalistic prose.

The Conception and Function of Criticism

Conception of Criticism: He considered criticism an unimportant task that was secondary, and he was opposed to Matthew Arnold. The criticism must fulfill two conditions:

• The critic should be an artist.
• It should be criticism that compels people to write better; it should be a didactic criticism.

This criticism for him has two functions: Before the creation of the

This document captures a series of candid, everyday dialogues, offering a glimpse into various personal interactions, plans, and observations. From packing for trips to discussing new managers and future aspirations, these snippets highlight the diverse facets of daily life.

Conversations on Daily Life

• Packing and Preparations

  Susan: "Okay, I packed some towels, shampoo, and soap."
  Peter: "Oh, you need to take some sunscreen too."

• Where Things Are Kept

  Ellen: "I put my cell phone on that shelf. Sarah puts hers here, and Josh puts his over there. Where do you keep yours?"
  Chass: "I keep mine on my desk."

• Home Decor Choices

  Arnold: "Which curtain do you prefer?"
  Gin: "Well, I like that small, brown Italian one."

• Modern Impressions

  Samantha: "My mother