Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Vocational training

Mass Media

Mass media refers to channels used to transmit messages to large populations, such as newspapers, radio, and cinema. Our society relies heavily on their constant presence.

Characteristics of Mass Media

• Complex technology requiring specialized professionals.
• Collective receivership (messages reach multiple people simultaneously).
• Primarily unidirectional communication (limited feedback from receivers).

Mass media are powerful instruments of social influence, serving three main purposes: informing, shaping public opinion, and entertaining.

Verbal and Nonverbal Codes

Each medium employs unique communicative codes. For example, the press utilizes images, headlines, and text layout, while television incorporates sets, gestures, and music.

Television

Television... Continue reading "Mass Media and Dialects of Castilian" »

Evaporator: The Cooling Component

The evaporator is the facility that produces the cooling effect. It's a heat exchanger where heat from the chamber transfers to the refrigerant, causing it to boil. The material must be a good heat conductor for efficient heat transfer. It doesn't necessarily have to be installed inside the enclosure being cooled.

Types of Evaporators

Flooded Evaporator

• The refrigerant is primarily in a liquid state.
• High-performance due to constant temperature difference between fluid and cooling medium.
• Typically uses float level regulators for expansion.

Finned Tube Evaporator

• Smaller size achieved due to increased surface area from fins.
• Fins come in various shapes (circular, square, etc.).
• Attached to the tube mechanically.
• Air circuits

Autopsy Method

Scissors: Between the thumb and the index finger, the heart is cut. External review, there are gutting and joint dissection.

External Review

External review involves the inspection and palpation of the body from head to toe. The pathologist and the technician must assist in mobilizing the body, annotating data in the autopsy report, and having the necessary equipment for the collection of samples. The pathologist will be placed on the right of the body and the technician on the left.

Check:

• Signs of death: Stiffness, lividities, putrefaction.
• External Review: Sex, age, height, weight, and head circumference (in children), muscle development, color, skin changes and hair distribution, natural orifices and external genitalia, palpable

Purpose and Objectives of Management

The purpose of management is to improve an organization's productive contributions. It is responsible from an ethical, social, and strategic standpoint. An administrative objective is a goal that requires a defined action. Orientation suggests extra effort for a leader.

Purpose of Administration

Achieving common goals through planning, organizing, directing, and controlling activities, and using resources to satisfy the needs of a society.

Importance of Administration

• Basics: Universality, simplification of work, productivity and efficiency, common good.
• It gives effect to human efforts.
• It helps to get the best staff, equipment, materials, money, and human relationships.
• It provides foresight and creativity.
• Continuous

Orientation Map

An orientation map is a flat representation of concrete, fixed, and durable elements that exist on the soil surface.

Map Compiled by Reports

Reports about terrain features, determine angles, calculate the distance between two points, and define the height and slope.

Walking

Walking is a non-competitive sport. It involves touring various rural areas or mountains on marked paths, preferably traditional ones, recovering the way of the communication system.

Goal of Walking

• Practice a healthy activity and be in contact with nature.
• Enjoy the environment.
• Escape the hustle and bustle.
• Discover the flora and fauna.

Types of Paths

The long-distance paths, GR (Grand Randonnée), are long hiking trails over 50 kilometers. Small tour paths, PR (Petite

Preventing the Transmission of Infectious Diseases

The objective of aims involved in the second link in the chain is to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases.

Isolation

Isolation consists of separating the source of infection in places and conditions that prevent direct or indirect diffusion of the agent by preventing their passage into the healthy or ill, susceptible patients, to interpose barriers to prevent clubs.

Purpose of Isolation

• Separating contagious people so they do not pass the disease to healthy people. (Common barrier or barrier isolation technique)
• Separating patients that have diminished defenses to protect them from the possibility of acquiring a communicable disease. (Reverse, protective, or barrier isolation technique)

Tragic Week (1909)

The Tragic Week was a series of violent confrontations in Barcelona and other cities of Catalonia in July 1909. It began with the embarkation of reserve soldiers bound for the Moroccan War. The masses, protesting the war, attacked and burned churches and convents. The government declared a state of war and sent the army to suppress the uprising. The execution of the anarchist Francisco Ferrer Guardia led to the fall of Maura's government.

Ferdinand VII (1784-1833)

Ferdinand VII, King of Spain, was the son of Charles IV. His reign began with the occupation of Spain by the French army. Ferdinand and his father were exiled to France. Upon his return, he reinstated absolutism, suppressing the liberal reforms.

Cacique

Caciques were... Continue reading "Key Historical Concepts and Figures of Spain" »

Physiological Shortcomings

Physiological shortcomings are those characterized by the malfunctioning of any organ or system, such as diabetes, epilepsy, spinal issues, asthma, and obesity.

1. Diabetes

Diabetes is a pathological imbalance of blood glucose.

• Our body gets energy from food.
• Glucose circulates in the blood, but to be used by our cells, it needs the help of the hormone insulin, which is secreted by the pancreas. This hormone is a key that allows the passage of glucose into cells, thus providing them with energy.
• When the pancreas does not secrete insulin, diabetes occurs.

Types of Diabetes

• Insulin-dependent (Type 1): Specific damage to insulin-producing cells, with a genetic origin. The only way to regulate metabolism is to inject insulin,

Effective Secretion Removal Techniques

Our bodies naturally produce fluid secretions in minimal quantities that usually don't obstruct the airway. The cough reflex typically eliminates any excess. However, sometimes we are unable to remove secretions due to excessive production or thickening, or an inability to cough effectively. This can occur in pathologies such as chronic respiratory conditions, in immobilized patients, postoperative patients, and patients with neuromuscular problems.

Measures to Eliminate Secretions

Hydration

Adequate hydration helps to make secretions more fluid, facilitating their expulsion.

Chest Physiotherapy

Chest physiotherapy involves various procedures, including:

• Breathing Exercises: Perform breathing exercises several

Il Gesu: A Precursor to Baroque

The construction of Il Gesu began in 1527 but faced delays due to financial constraints. It was finally consecrated in 1685 by Andrea Pozzo, although it remained unfinished. Andrea Pozzo painted the dome on canvas, where the roof is flat.

The Facade

The facade bears a striking resemblance to that of the Church of the Gesu. The lower section features a similar joint, with notable entry columns. There is an interplay of inputs and outputs, verticality, and decorative plates with angles, which are more pronounced. These plates would become a defining feature of the Baroque style. On the second level, columns are positioned in front of the pillars seen in the Gesu. The pediment introduces a decorative element, departing... Continue reading "Baroque and Renaissance Architecture: Saint Peter's Basilica and Il Gesu" »