Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

Analysis and prevention of damage caused by work.

Prevent workers from suffering any injury while on the job. This requires participation from all stakeholders: workers, technicians, and employers. Prevention organizations (e.g., mutual insurance companies, INSHT) and relevant legislation (local, regional, national, European) also play a crucial role.

Understanding Workplace Damage

Direct Damage: Workplace Accidents

Legal Definition of Workplace Accident

Any injury workers suffer in connection with or as a consequence of the work performed for others. Also considered accidents:

• In itinere (on the way to/from work)
• While performing trade union duties
• During professional performance in rescue acts
• When suffering an occupational disease not officially

Transformer Primaries in Power Supplies

In a transformer power supply, how many primaries do we find? In a transformer, we can only find one primary, through which energy is applied from the network.

Linear Power Supply Schematic and Operation

The linear power supply schematic functions as follows: the voltage grid passes through a transformer that adapts the level of the network signal to the voltage needed to power the circuit. Both input and output are AC voltages. The signal then passes through a rectifier, which converts the alternating voltage into a pulsating type. Next, it goes through a filter charged with reducing the variations in the output voltage of the rectifier, so the signal adopts a more or less stable form. Finally, it passes... Continue reading "Linear vs Switching Power Supply Comparison and SMPS Control" »

Aristotle's Conception of Man: Body, Soul, and Rationality

For Aristotle, man is a composite of body and soul. The body is identified with matter and potentiality, while the soul (the life principle) is identified with form and actuality. The union between soul and body is substantial, forming a synolon. The human soul, primarily identified with rational knowledge, also encompasses vegetative and sensitive functions.

Man as a Political Animal and the Polis

Aristotle posits that man develops fully within the city (polis), as it is the environment where he achieves moral development and flourishes. Hence, he famously defines man as a political animal (zoon politikon), emphasizing that morality is intrinsically linked to the political sphere. Man... Continue reading "Aristotle's Political Philosophy: Man, Polis, and Virtue" »

Geographic Mobility in the Workplace

Geographic mobility consists of changing the workplace. There are two types of geographical mobility:

Transfers

A transfer is the power that an employer has to change the geographical location of a worker providing services at a different site from the one they were initially hired for, provided that this involves a change of residence. It may involve a change of permanent location. For an employer to transfer an employee, it is required that there are economic, technical, organizational, or production reasons, or that such a change is permitted to improve the competitive position of the company. Transfers can be individual or collective.

When faced with a transfer, a worker may:

1. Accept the decision and move.

Historical Operating Systems: A Timeline

This document provides a brief history of operating systems, covering their evolution across different generations.

1st Generation (1945-1955)

Characterized by vacuum valves and machine language. These systems were large, consumed high energy, were very slow, and performed simple mathematical calculations.

2nd Generation (1955-1965)

Transitioned to transistors and batch processing. Systems became smaller and consumed less power.

3rd Generation (1965-1980)

Integrated circuits were introduced, making systems cheaper and enabling multiple processors to run concurrently.

4th Generation (1980-Present)

Marked by the advent of personal computers.

Memory Management

The memory manager is a crucial part of the OS. It is... Continue reading "Evolution of Operating Systems: Generations & Concepts" »

Occupational Health and Safety in the European Union

The Single European Act and Worker Protection

A fundamental objective of the Single European Act is protecting the safety and health of workers, carrying out an improved working environment. The Pocuro member states provide the best working environment, avoiding distractions caused by directives relating to administrative, financial, and legal constraints that hinder the development of small and medium-sized enterprises compared to larger companies.

Functions of the Advisory Committee for Safety

The Advisory Committee for Safety has four key functions:

• Assisting the committee in the preparation and implementation of activities in the field of health, safety, and protection at work.
• Exchanging views

Electrical Encoding Schemes

There are two main types of encoding schemes: single-core and multi-threaded functional circuit diagrams.

Electrical Magnitudes and Measurement

Here's a table summarizing common electrical magnitudes, their units, and the instruments used for their measurement:

Multimeter

A multimeter is a versatile instrument used to measure various electrical quantities.

Absolute Error

Absolute error refers to the difference between the value read on an instrument and the actual value.

Common Electrical Issues

Surge

A surge is an excess of voltage affecting the electrical grid. Surges... Continue reading "Electrical Circuits: Understanding Key Concepts and Safety Devices" »

Peace Treaties After World War I

The Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to take responsibility for the war. Germany returned Alsace and Lorraine to France and consented to the occupation of the Saarland. East Prussia was cut off by the Danzig corridor. Germany delivered its colonies, accepted the demilitarization of the Rhineland, and reduced its army and arsenals.

The Austro-Hungarian Empire dissolved, and Czechoslovakia was formed. Italy made only small territorial gains. Romania grew with territories from Hungary and Russia. Hungary and Austria were reduced to small, landlocked states. Bulgaria had to surrender its Aegean coast to Greece. The Ottoman Empire disappeared and was replaced by a republic. Its Arab territories were given as mandates.... Continue reading "Aftermath of World War I: Treaties, Economic Shifts & Social Change" »

Understanding Business Structures in Spain

Sole Proprietorship (Autónomo)

• Single Member: Operated by one individual.
• No Minimum Capital: Does not require a specific initial capital contribution.
• Income Tax: Subject to personal income tax.
• Liability: Unlimited personal liability.
• Social Security: Generally registered under the self-employed (Autónomo) social security scheme.

Community of Goods (Comunidad de Bienes - CB)

• Minimum 2 Partners: Formed by at least two individuals.
• No Minimum Capital: Does not require a specific initial capital contribution.
• Income Tax: Partners are subject to personal income tax, proportional to their share.
• Liability: Partners have unlimited personal liability.

Civil Society (Sociedad Civil - SC)

• Minimum 2 Members: Requires