Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

The Outbreak of Civil War

On July 17, 1936, a civil war erupted in Melilla, Ceuta, and Tetuan, and on July 18th, it spread to mainland Spain. An important sector of the army (Franco, Queipo de Llano, Mola, etc.), along with traditionalists and Falangists, staged a coup. The rebels seized control of governing bodies in some cities and established a board of military officers, intending to restore order and suppress popular unrest. Within two days, the rebels had secured several forts.

On July 19th, José Giral decided to arm militias (volunteer groups) of unions and parties of the Popular Front to stop the coup and defend the Republican government. General Goded led the uprising in Catalonia, but it received little support from the civilian population.... Continue reading "Spanish Civil War: A Nation Divided (1936-1939)" »

Banking Financial Intermediaries in Spain

Banks, thrifts, and credit unions constitute the Spanish banking system. These entities are financial intermediaries. The primary differences between them lie in their legal structure:

• Banks: Private companies aiming to generate profits for their owners.
• Savings Banks: Non-profit entities allocating profits to charitable and social causes.
• Credit Unions: Members are depositors who benefit from their financial services.

Regarding services, the typical activities of these banking intermediaries are very similar: deposit-taking and lending.

Market Failures

1. Cycles: The market is criticized for failing to ensure stable economic growth.
2. Externalities: Many economic activities generate external effects on society

It will absorb local artistic traditions. These traditions are: Hispanic Art, Roman (Roman classical), Paleochristian Art, and the influence of Islam, Visigothic, and East.

In the 10th century, with the Caliphate of Cordoba, Hispano-Muslim art buildings were built that marked the climax, making it the classical period of Islamic art. From this time on, it became a benchmark for all future stages, until the 15th century, with Nasrid survivals.

Another influence is from the North of Africa, both in the Umayyad period and Taifa. From the 11th century until the 13th century, it will become part of the Empire.

Christian influence: They coexisted with Muslims in the Iberian Peninsula. The boundaries are blurred in cultural and artistic exchanges (the... Continue reading "Umayyad Art in Al-Andalus: Religious Architecture" »

Majolica

**To be decorated, parts were acquired at a lower cost, and thus the slab was imposed on metal objects.** He influenced all of Europe. The majolica ceramic body is covered with a porous coating with tin and painted with enamel colors. This technique, originating from the Islamic world, was widely used in the Iberian Peninsula and Italy, especially in Majorca, hence the term "majolica" (Italian *Maiolica* = Mallorca).

Once baked, the enamel is spread with a thin layer of copper or silver pigment mixed with ochre. It is then fired again, producing a total or partial metallization of the copper pigments. This gives the object a special shine and produces reflective effects. There is a wide color gamut.

Porcelain

Porcelain is the most refined... Continue reading "History and Types of Porcelain: From China to Europe" »

Chalcolithic Material Characteristics

Bell-shaped vessels were common, known for their good cooking properties and profuse exterior decoration. Smaller vessels sometimes featured interior decoration as well. The exterior typically displayed alternating smooth and decorated horizontal bands. Lower triangular motifs sometimes incorporated radial patterns when viewed from below, while the lip featured narrow bands with more complex decorations. Vertical band developments were also present. Some bands were filled with parallel oblique lines, oblique lattice patterns, or left undecorated. Printed series of spikes were also observed. The arrangement and combination of decorative motifs varied depending on the specific type, such as troughs, Ciempozuelos,... Continue reading "Chalcolithic Artifacts: Pottery, Arrowheads, and Idols" »

Sixtus V's Vision for Rome

Goyo XIII established a law that allowed and recommended opening large avenues for communication. Sixtus V capitalized on the decline of Philip II, transforming Rome into the capital of the Catholic world. He justified his actions with religious reasoning, constructing basilicas and avenues to facilitate communication. These avenues served as focal points for pilgrims, creating a dynamic urban space.

The Strada Felice and Fontana's Commission

Sixtus V commissioned Domenico Fontana to create the Strada Felice, a grand avenue bearing his name. Fontana also designed the Piazza del Popolo, connecting it to the Basilica of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme. Sixtus V chose this route because it forced passage through the Basilica... Continue reading "Sixtus V's Urban Planning: Rome's Baroque Transformation" »

Risks Linked to Security Conditions

The following are common risks associated with security conditions in the workplace:

• Falls of persons, both at the same level and different levels.
• Clashes with mobile and immobile objects.
• Entrapments, cuts, and projections of particles.

Preventive Measures for Security Conditions

To avoid these risks, the following measures should be implemented:

• Premises must have a minimum height of 3 meters, and offices should have a minimum height of 2.5 meters.
• Each worker must have a working space of at least 2 square meters of surface area and 10 cubic meters of volume.
• Main corridors should have a minimum width of 1.20 meters, and side corridors should have a minimum width of 1 meter.
• Passage areas and workplaces must be

Types of Welding and Soldering

Homogeneous Welding

In homogeneous welding, the metals being joined are of the same nature as the filler material.

Heterogeneous Welding

In heterogeneous welding, the materials involved are of different natures.

Soldering

Soldering is a heterogeneous weld between two metals, potentially using a filler metal ('contribution') of a different kind. It typically involves fusion materials below 450°C. Common applications include welding cables, panels, and low-resistance joints in bodywork (carrocería). The process relies on a filler metal that melts and spreads across the surface of the base metals.

Tin-Lead Solder

The melting temperature for tin-lead solder is approximately 230°C. The process involves:

1. Cleaning the surfaces
2. Scraping
3. Applying

In the neurocranium acknowledge the following points Craniometric sagittal (Fig. 1), (Fig. 2), (Fig. 3), (Fig. 4) Nasion: Intersection of frontonasal sutures and internasal. Glabella: most prominent point of the frontal in the midsagittal plane. It is located on the brow ridges between. Bregma: Intersection of sagittal and coronal sutures. Vertex: Point skull highest average in the mid-sagittal plane. Lambda: Intersection of sagittal and lambdoid sutures. Opistocranio: Point of the squama occipital in the sagittal plane is farthest from the glabella point. May coincide with the point Inion. Inion: A Meeting of the line occipital (nuchal) exceeding the median sagittal plane. Generally corresponds to the external occipital protuberance. Opisthion: