Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

October Revolution: Rise of the Bolsheviks in Russia

Kerensky's government aimed to establish a parliamentary republic in Russia. However, the Bolsheviks and the Petrograd Soviet opposed these plans, seeking to create a new Republic of Soviets.

The Revolutionary Days

The Bolshevik party had been banned, and Lenin was in exile. Despite this, Lenin remained determined to seize power, and the Soviets planned the insurrection. The victory in Petrograd was decisive, and the revolution subsequently spread to Moscow and several industrialized areas.

First Revolutionary Measures

The Second Congress of Soviets overthrew the provisional government and approved the formation of a council headed by Lenin, which became the first government of workers and peasants.... Continue reading "The October Revolution: Rise of the Bolsheviks in Russia" »

• Accuracy

  Tells us how correct a GPS measurement is.

• Array

  A group of disk drives that are connected and used as a single unit.

• Assembler

  A program that translates low-level programming language into machine code.

• Attachment

  A file sent as part of an email.

• Avatar

  An image in a computer game that represents a person.

• Barcode

  An arrangement of lines and spaces that represent data.

• Bit

  The smallest unit of computer data.

• Bitrate

  A measurement of the amount of data that is processed.

• Broadband

  A system that allows computers to transfer large amounts of information.

• Calibration

  The act of adjusting printers and scanners to display colors correctly.

• Capacity

  The amount of space an MP3 player has to store files.

• Catalog

  An inventory of books in a library.

• Cell phone

  A wireless

CLASS #5

Recap:

• The gangster film
• A Warner Bros. specialty
• Gangsters had to die
• Cagney, Robinson, Raft and Bogart
• “White Heat” last of the great Warner gangster films

THE WESTERN

The Western glamorized and glorified the American spirit of independence and expansion.

• Guys in the white hat, good, guys in the black hat, bad.
• Native American almost always bad
• Native American, stereotypes and rarely depicted by actual Native Americans
• Westerns began in silent era: “Squaw Man” directed by Cecil B. DeMille
• Early Stars: William S. Hart, Tom Mix, Roy Rogers, Gene Autry
• Republic Pictures – Herbert Yates
• Western serials – shorts
• Lone Ranger
• “Shane”
• “Unforgiven” – Clint Eastwood
• Spaghetti Westerns – Sergio Leone
• TV westerns – Bonanza, Gunsmoke
• “Stage

Exam Review

Class #1: That's Entertainment!

"That's Entertainment!" – a 1974 film that got me hooked on the movies.

Brief background on the studio system: MGM, Warner Bros., Paramount, Universal, Columbia.

"Boy, do we need it now" was the slogan during the Vietnam War and Watergate.

It was the 50^th anniversary of MGM.

Road Show Picture: overtures, intermission, souvenir program.

Musical film: an original American art form.

"La La Land" drew inspiration from "Begin the Beguine," "Dancing in the Dark," and "American in Paris Ballet."

An era when movie stars could be singers and dancers, such as Fred Astaire, Gene Kelly, and Judy Garland.

Esther Williams starred in "Aqua Musicals."

Blackface: an outgrowth of Minstrel Shows – more later.

Lena Horne and... Continue reading "Classic Hollywood Cinema: Musicals and Comedians" »

Passive Voice

Present Simple: sell // are sold

Present Continuous: are selling // are being sold

Past Simple: sold // were sold

Past Continuous: were selling // were being sold

Present Perfect Simple: have sold // have been sold

Present Perfect Continuous: have been sold // have been being sold

Past Perfect Simple: had sold // had been sold

Future Simple: will sell // will be sold

Future Perfect: will have sold // will have been sold

Modals: can sell // can be sold

Modal Perfects: must have sold // must have been sold

Have to: have to sell // have to be sold

Be going to: are going to sell // are going to be sold

Causative Form

Have/get + something + done (v). Conjugate 'have' or 'get' according to the tense. Example: I always have my nails polished for New... Continue reading "English Grammar Tenses, Conditionals, and Connectors" »

RS I: Reported Speech Exercises

Mastering reported speech is essential for fluent English communication. Below are exercises demonstrating how to convert direct speech into indirect speech, including changes in tenses, pronouns, and time expressions.

1. "I have something to show you," I said to her.
   I told her that I had something to show her.
2. "Nothing grows in my garden. It never gets any sun," she said.
   She said that nothing grew in her garden because it never got any sun.
3. "Wait for me," I said to him.
   I told him to wait for me.
4. "Are you angry?" she asked us.
   She asked us if we were angry.
5. "Switch off the TV, please," he said to her.
   He told her to switch off the TV.
6. "I'm going away tomorrow, Mother," he said.
   He told his mother he was going away the following

Secondary Infertility: Diagnosis and Management

Understanding Secondary Infertility

Secondary infertility is the inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy to term after having had a successful pregnancy in the past.

Patient History (Hx)

• Obstetric History: Parity, Deliveries, Live births, Deaths (P/D/L/D)
• Sexual Activity: Regularity of intercourse
• Gynecological Diseases: History of relevant conditions
• Medications: Current and past drug use
• Lifestyle Factors: Smoking status

Key Contributing Factors

• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): Can lead to tubal damage.
• Appendicitis: May result in peritonitis and subsequent adhesions.
• Previous Surgeries: Can cause adhesions affecting fertility.
• Smoking: Associated with reduced fertility and increased risk of Sexually

Partnerships and Limited Companies

Partnership: A business carried on in common with a view to profit.

Advantages:

• Shared responsibility
• Economies of scale
• Private accounts
• Spread profit for tax purposes

Disadvantages:

• Shared profit
• Joint and several liability
• Disagreements
• All profits taxed

Limited Company: Owned by shareholders, run by directors. It can be a public or private company and is a separate legal entity that pays corporation tax.

Advantages:

• Limited liability
• Perpetual succession
• Corporation tax

Disadvantages:

• Running costs
• Personal guarantees may be required
• Filing deadlines
• Private transactions
• Owner vs. manager conflict (payout or reinvest)
• Privacy (public accounts)

Inheritance Tax - Agricultural Property Relief

Must be occupied for 2 years. Relief... Continue reading "Partnerships, Limited Companies, and UK Tax Reliefs" »

Animal Welfare: Definitions and Scope

Animal Welfare (AW) refers to the actions and procedures used in productive systems, from birth through the state of breeding. This includes offering animals comfort in place and transport, focusing on animal well-being and behavioral patterns.

Key Definitions of Animal Welfare

• Broom (1986): Welfare of an individual is the state as regards to its attempts to cope with its environment.
• Hughes (1976): Welfare on a general level is a state of mental and physical health where the animal is in harmony with its environment.
• Webster (1995): Welfare is the ability to sustain physical and mental fitness.

Historical Context of Animal Welfare

The modern movement gained traction following the 1964 publication of the book... Continue reading "Implementing Animal Welfare Standards in Cattle Farming" »