Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

TRANSFORMACIONES

1-The Minister of Education is believed to have resigned from his post.

2-The young tree was being bent to the ground by the wind.

3-If a famous director hadn't seen her act in a school play, Brenda wouldn't have been a star.

4-I wish I had bought some tickets for the concert.

5-Despite the fact that the house was very old, we managed to sell it.

6-He asked if I had heard the news the previous night.

7-I have my money sent monthly to my bank account in London.

8-The bed (which) I slept in last night was very uncomfortable.

9-It was such an expensive ticket for the match that I didn't buy it.

10-Your classmate may have left his book on the desk.

11-He suggested going out as soon as possible.

12-Peter must be at home because the phone is... Continue reading "English Language Practice: Reading, Listening, and Vocabulary" »

Atom

The smallest particles a simple substance can be divided into without losing its chemical properties.

Chemical Element

A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei.

Subatomic Particles

• Electrons: negative charge, no mass
• Protons: positive charge, mass
• Neutrons: no charge, mass equal to protons.

Atomic Models

• Plum Pudding Model: a sphere of positive electricity with neutrons
• Rutherford's: each electron had an orbit
• Bohr's: each orbit presents a different number of electrons.

To differentiate an atom from others, the number of protons and neutrons it has in its nucleus.

Atomic Number

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom (Z).

Mass Number

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom... Continue reading "Understanding Atoms, Elements, and Bonds in Chemistry" »

Maximizing Media Exposure for Your Events

Planning a Successful Media Event

One of the easiest ways to receive free media exposure is through well-planned media events. Consider the following steps:

• Select the time of day carefully: Journalists work to deadlines. If they attend your event at 5:00 PM on a Thursday, coverage may not appear until Saturday.
• Optimal timing for immediate coverage: Any time from 9:30 AM is ideal for same-day coverage on TV or Radio, or for the following day in print media.
• Best times for weekly/monthly publications: Lunchtime, afternoon, or early evening are good for publications with longer lead times.
• Prepare comprehensive handout materials: Ensure you have enough press kits and other relevant information for everyone

Reservation Confirmation

Dear Recipient,

This message confirms your reservation for a double room in June, specifically for the 29th and 30th.

The reservation includes breakfast for both days. The total cost for your stay is 190 euros.

Yours faithfully,
David

Reference Data Sets

The following data sets are provided for reference:

• 30-B, 31-D, 32-A, 33-F, 34-E, 35-C
• 36-B, 37-F, 38-A, 39-E, 40-G, 41-D, 42-D
• 43-C, 44-C, 45-A
• 1-D, 2-A, 3-B, 4-C

Insights from Nils' Interview

Nils' Career Journey and UK Experience

Here are key takeaways from an interview with Nils regarding his career and observations on working in the UK:

1. Current Role

Nils currently works in customer support.

2. Pre-Current Job & Job Acquisition

Before his current position, Nils completed a... Continue reading "Key Information and Facility Highlights" »

Digesting Food

The Digestive Tract

The digestive tract is a long tube that extends from the mouth to the anus. Digestion begins in the mouth with chewing, breaking down food into smaller pieces for easier enzyme action.

Salivary glands secrete saliva containing enzymes like salivary amylase (begins carbohydrate digestion) and salivary lipase (begins fat digestion).

The Stomach

This mixture, called a bolus, is swallowed and travels down the esophagus to the stomach, passing through the lower esophageal sphincter. In the stomach, the bolus mixes with hydrochloric acid (HCl), pepsin (digests proteins), and gastric lipase (continues fat digestion). This creates a liquid called chyme, which exits the stomach through the pyloric sphincter to the duodenum... Continue reading "Digestive System: Process and Organs Explained" »

Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar

Common Phrases and Idioms

Work and Everyday Life

• Paid peanuts: Pagar una miseria (To be paid very little)
• Got sacked: Despidieron (To be fired)
• Show you the ropes: Mostrar como funciona (To show someone how to do a job)
• Pulling your weight: Ponerte las pilas (To do your fair share of work)
• Homesick: Tener morriña (To miss home)
• Make yourself at home: Sentirse como en casa (To feel comfortable)
• Suburbs: Barrios residenciales (Residential areas outside of a city)
• Success: Éxito (Achievement)

Examples:

• Earn money, respect: Ganar dinero, respeto
• Teamwork: Football match, group project
• Profit: Selling things, investing money
• Pack: Suit, toothbrush
• Deliver: Pizza, message
• Dare: Come late, make personal phone calls

Other Useful

Defining Business and Core Functions

Business: A business organization that offers goods and services to customers in exchange for money.

Key Business Departments

• Marketing: Publicity and promotion.
• Accounting: Recording incomes, profits, and outcomes.
• Sales: Controlling what the company sells and ensuring quality.
• Budgeting: Planning the spending of money.
• Customer Services: Attention to the client.
• Hiring Employees: Building the best team for the company and comparing candidates.

Organizational Interrelationships

Interrelationships: Effective strategic decision-making, good communication, and cooperation ensure the correct operation of the company.

Legal Entities and Fundamental Rights

Types of Legal Persons

• Natural Person: All individual human beings.

Comparative and Superlative Adjectives

Present Continuous Tense

Is Susan traveling to Australia tonight?

• My friends are going to a burial after school.
• Allan isn't riding this bicycle this afternoon.
• Peter is having his English test tomorrow afternoon.
• Is Sean taking his brother to the shops soon?
• Tim is watering the plants this evening.
• Will isn't watching TV this evening.
• Are you making breakfast tomorrow morning?
• Is Hillary reading a magazine next weekend?
• They are buying a coffin this afternoon.
• She is visiting her husband's grave tomorrow morning.
• George and Joe are cheating death.
• Christopher is writing his death wish on Wednesday afternoon.
• I'm going to buy a headset on Friday.

Medical Vocabulary

English - Spanish

Anaphylaxis (ANAFILAXIA) – Burns (QUEMADURAS) – Dislocation (DISLOCACIÓN)... Continue reading "English Grammar and Vocabulary Practice: Present Continuous, Medical Terms, and More" »

Complete: With, who, which, or that.

• In the first London Olympics which/that were held in 1948, only 59 countries participated.

• The athletes who/that won the most gold medals were the swimmers Michael...

• Sebastian Coe, who used to be an Olympic athlete, was the chairman of the London...

• The equipment (which/that) the athletes used was supplied by companies like Adidas.

• The race that/which generated the highest...

• Usain Bolt, who comes from a small town in Jamaica...

• The opening ceremony, which the film director Danny Boyle...

• The country that/which was chosen to host...

Combine the two sentences

• Avery Brundage, who was the fifth president of the IOC, was an Olympic...

• Women's boxing, which featured 36 competitors, was included in the...

• The Orbit, which