Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

Passive Voice

This shirt needs to be ironed

This shirt needs ironing

The house needs to be painted

The house needs painting

Both sentences are correct

Both sentences have the same meaning

Instances of Passive Voice

• When the agent is unknown
• When the agent is irrelevant
• When the agent is obvious from the context

Uses of 'Have Something Done'

• A service provided: I had my house painted
• Describe something unpleasant: John had his passport stolen
• Future statements (promises): I will have my homework done for tomorrow

Conditional Sentences

I went to the optician yesterday and I tested my eyesight because you do not test yourself, the optician does it.

Zero Conditional

Also called real factual, is used for general truths

IF + PRES SIMPLE + PRES SIMPLE

First Conditional

Also... Continue reading "English Grammar: Passive Voice and Conditional Sentences" »

Understanding Competences and Skills

Defining Competences

What are competences or skills?

• They are what make people competent: the prerequisites for effective action.
• They should take into account all general and specific knowledge, skills, and motivations needed for effective action.

Action Categories for Graduates

According to Allen, Ramaekers, and van der Velden (2005), higher education graduates may find themselves in nine primary action categories:

• Directing productive tasks
• Directing the work of others
• Planning
• Coordination
• Control
• Innovation
• Information management
• Maintaining relations with personnel
• Maintaining relations with clients

Types of Competences: General and Specific

General Competences Explained

General competences can be applied across a range... Continue reading "Defining Competences: Skills for Career Success" »

Workplace Safety and Health

Royal Decree 486/1997, April 14: Safety and Health Provisions in the Workplace

Article 4 - Construction Conditions

The design and construction features of the workplace must provide security against risks of falls, blows, landslides, or materials falling on workers. The design and construction features are required to provide emergency exits or fire escapes.

Article 8 - Illumination

Lighting must be sufficient so that workers can see and carry out their work safely.

The construction of the store should be safe, with secure electrical installations and no vibrations that could damage the material. The design must provide safety against falls, crashes, collapses, or falling materials. Risk areas with potential falling objects... Continue reading "Workplace Safety and Material Handling in Storage Facilities" »

The Open Systems Interconnection Model

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is an abstract, layered representation created as a reference for network protocol design. The OSI model divides the process of networking into different logical layers, each of which has unique functionality and to which specific services and protocols are assigned.

Application Layer

The application layer, the seventh layer, is the top layer of both the OSI and TCP/IP models.

Presentation Layer

The presentation layer has three main functions:

• Coding and data conversion of the application layer to ensure that data from the source device can be interpreted by the appropriate application on the target device.
• Compression of the data in a way that can be decompressed

LANDSCAPE PAINTING 19TH CENTURY

Royal Academy founded in 1768; Foundation of the Water-colour society in 1804; Painters fought for more recognition compared with the other arts (literature and architecture in particular); New National Gallery was founded in 1824.

Caspar David Friedrich

1- German romantic landscape painter. Best known for allegorical landscapes which typically feature contemplative figures silhouetted against night skies, morning mists, barren trees or gothic or megalithic ruins. 2- Topographical interest endured 3- Travel at home and abroad, the search for the picturesque and primitive, the medieval. Ex: Wanderer above the Sea of Fog (1818): In the foreground, a young man stands upon a rocky precipice with his back to the viewer.... Continue reading "19th Century Landscape Painting and Romanticism" »

X.25 Networks

X.25 is a standard for wide area network (WAN) packet switching. It establishes mechanisms for routing between users, negotiation of communication features, and error recovery techniques. Public packet-switching services support numerous types of stations from different manufacturers. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to define the interface between the end user's computer and the network.

Levels of X.25

• Physical Level: The recommendation for the X.25 packet level coincides with one of the recommendations of the third level of the OSI model. X.25 encompasses the third level and also the two lowest levels.
• The Link Layer: In X.25, it is assumed that the link layer is LAPB (Link Access Procedure, Balanced). LAPB is responsible for

Biopsychosocial Model Insights

The biopsychosocial model posits that the human being is composed of three interconnected dimensions:

• Biological Dimension
• Psychic Dimension
• Social Dimension

Human Needs and Satisfaction

Human needs and their satisfaction are oriented in two primary directions:

• Psychosocial Care: This involves professional actions taken to help individuals meet their psychological and social needs.
• Educational Care: This aims to facilitate learning, enabling individuals to understand and meet their own needs.

Psychology Fundamentals

Psychology deals with the behavior and mental processes of people; in other words, what a person does, feels, or thinks.

Core Psychological Concepts

• Behavior: Actions that people perform.
• Mental Processes: Cognitive

The Standard of the CCAA

The rules of the Autonomous Communities (CCAA) are of equal rank to those of the state but do not interfere with each other. This is because the CCAA can only make rules on issues included in those powers which have been transferred or included in their statutes of autonomy. In case of conflict, state rules prevail over those of the CCAA. There are certain issues that CCAA cannot regulate, such as the army or ports.

Standards of Local Authorities

The provisions of local authorities (municipalities) are called ordinances, regulations, and sides. They are bound by the principle of hierarchy.

The Publicity of the Rules

For a law to be valid, the Constitution provides that the King must sign (sanction) and proclaim it as such... Continue reading "Understanding Spanish Legal Framework: CCAA, Local, and EU Laws" »

Design of the Intervention

The Program Contains a Plan, Project, and Activities

Plan a project with project activities, tasks.

What is Planning?

Previously organizing an activity.

What is a Plan?

An idea laid out.

What is Software?

Realization of a more concrete plan.

What is a Project?

A process that includes a series of concrete activities that lead to an end, in order to specify what you want and how involved you think it is.

What is an Activity?

A set of actions that lead to an end to meet a defined objective.

What is a Task?

Something to do in particular.

Which of these is the action of the technical center? To do the activities.

Methodology

The form or manner in which we develop intervention.

Timing

Time distribution to perform various activities and tasks.... Continue reading "Senior Stimulation: Techniques and Activities for Well-being" »

St Kilda: Life and Evacuation

Introduction to St Kilda

110 miles off the west coast of Scotland is a small group of volcanic islands. They are variously called Hirta, Boreray, and other local names, but together they are known as St Kilda. The cliffs rise to more than 400 meters (1400 feet) above the gray water, and this is home to millions of seabirds. Until 1930, a small colony of Scottish people lived there, whose community had survived for over 2000 years.

Life on the Islands

Life was precarious on St Kilda, located in the Atlantic Ocean well beyond the protective barrier of the Outer Hebrides. With an average January temperature of -10 to -20 ºC, the islanders were often isolated for months at a time by bad weather. They lived as they always... Continue reading "St Kilda: The Last Days of an Island Community" »