Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Vocational training

Causes of Imperialism

Economic Rivalry

Competition between countries for lands increased military expenditure.

Political Rivalry

New powers (USA and France), alliances, Balkans conflict.

Colonialism

• Industrial development = demographic growth - life improves
• Strategic moves
• Developed countries compete for dominance = suspicion between powers

Congress of Berlin

USA, Germany, Japan VS England

Portugal, Belgium, Italy: interested in African colonies (raw materials)

German Otto von Bismarck distributed Africa.

Consequences of Colonialism

For the Colonies

• No industrialization
• Land exploitation
• Imposition of conquering power
• Destruction of ethnic structures
• Artificial borders

For the Empires

• Development of industrialization
• Strategic moves
• Arms race
• Suspicion between powers
• Prestige
• Introduced

African American Writing and Pluralism

Sacvan Bercovitch’s The Cambridge History of American Literature: American literature is described as fundamentally pluralistic. He characterizes his volume as "a federated history of American literatures."

African Americans After the Civil War

Abolition of slavery did not end racial discrimination. African Americans continued to face inferior status and white supremacy.

In the South

Jim Crow laws, the doctrine of "separate but equal," and violent organizations such as the Ku Klux Klan enforced racial segregation and oppression.

In the North

Segregation and social exclusion produced ghettos and economic marginalization. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP, founded 1909) worked... Continue reading "African American Literature: History, Movements and Key Works" »

UNIT 3

• 1. We thank you for your letter of...
  - Le damos las gracias por su carta del...
• 2. In reply to your letter of...
  - En contestación a su carta del...
• 3. Thank you for your letter of...
  - Le damos las gracias por su carta de...
• 4. With reference to your letter of...
  - En referencia a su carta de...
• 5. Further to...
  - En referencia a...
• 6. We are pleased to enclose...
  - Estamos encantados de adjuntarle...
• 7. We have pleasure in enclosing...
  - Tenemos el placer de adjuntarle...
• 8. Our prices are subject to a 5% discount for cash...
  - Nuestros precios están sujetos a un 5% de descuento por pago en efectivo.
• 9. We have sent today by separate post...
  - Le hemos enviado hoy por correo aparte...
• 10. We require payment by banker's draft.
  - Necesitamos el pago

Ionic Compounds and Electrical Conductivity

Why ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in the solid state

Explain why ionic compounds do not conduct electricity in their crystalline form. Electricity can only be conducted when ions are moving. In their crystalline form, the ions in the ionic compound are locked tightly in one place.

When ionic compounds are in a solid, crystalline lattice, cations and anions occupy fixed positions in the lattice. Because electric current in ionic materials is carried by mobile charged particles, the fixed ions cannot move and therefore the solid does not conduct electricity. By contrast, when the lattice is melted or dissolved in a polar solvent such as water, ions become free to move and the substance conducts... Continue reading "Why Ionic Compounds Are Nonconductive Solids and Their Properties" »

The Complete List of Irregular English Verbs

This comprehensive resource provides the infinitive, past simple, and past participle forms for essential irregular verbs, along with their corresponding Spanish meanings. Use this table to improve your English conjugation skills.

English-Spanish Phrases, Vocabulary and Practice Questions

Dream Symbols and Meanings

• If you dream that you are at a party, you are going to be very busy.
• If you dream that you are drinking champagne, you'll be successful.
• If you dream about flowers, you are feeling positive about the future.
• If you dream that somebody is playing the violin, you want some romance in your life.
• If you dream about an owl, you need to ask an older person for help.
• If you dream that you have cold feet, the person you love doesn't love you.

Travel and Car Vocabulary (English — Spanish)

• hatchback: utilitario
• ever: alguna vez
• drop: caer (to drop: dejar caer)
• thief: ladrón
• dashboard: salpicadero
• although: aunque
• traffic jam: atasco
• cheer up! ¡alegrar!
• lever: palanca
• perhaps: quizás
• check-

Fundamental Statistical Concepts

Estimates and Population Values

Estimates are statistics collected from samples and used to describe population values.

Scales of Measurement

Understanding the different scales of measurement is crucial for data analysis:

• Nominal Scale of Measurement: This is the simplest form of measurement, used when the dependent variable is qualitative. It categorizes data based on the name of some physical or psychological quality or characteristic rather than a numerical score.
• Ordinal Scale of Measurement: This is the simplest quantitative scale used to measure the dependent variable. Data are ranked in some order (such as highest to lowest, biggest to smallest, most important to least important), but it does not measure the

Alternators and Generators

1. Alternators vs. DC Generators

Alternators produce a usable voltage level at lower RPMs than DC generators because alternators have more field poles.

2. Delta Wound Three-Phase Alternator Stator

The windings wired in relation to each other in a delta-wound three-phase alternator stator are in series.

3. Generator Output

Generator output is expressed in the number of amps at rated voltage.

4. AC 43.13 Electrical System Design

The AC 43.13 suggests that the electrical system of an aircraft be designed so that when all systems are operating, no more than 80% of generator capacity can be exceeded.

5. Reverse Current Cutout Relay

The main function of a reverse current cutout relay in a generator system is preventing motoring of... Continue reading "Aircraft Electrical Systems" »

**That's a Real Point in Favor of a Working Mother**

And this is very well-paid. My schedule is much more flexible than in some of the larger accounting firms.

**I'm a Public Employee and Work for the Board**

I'm in a department with eight others. Our job is to attract investment to the area. I love the teamwork.

**This is the Most Stimulating Work I've Ever Had**

In addition, my work is very secure. I'm happier in my job than most of the people I know.

**When I'm Not at Work, I Spend All My Time with My Children**

Allow me to say a few words about myself. I was born in the United States and now work on the West Coast.

**I Love to Go Back to My Hometown Whenever I Can**

I really miss my family. I grew up in the North of England, but my family moved

Finding Joy in Your Work

Happiness at Work

If you want to be happy at work, remember that all problems can be solved.

Another way to be happy is to enrich your work environment with photos and flowers.

Working Conditions

Builders have worse working conditions than bankers.

Job Satisfaction

I love developing new products. It's the most fascinating job in the company.

Information technology specialists are slightly happier than real estate agents.

Legal Profession

I am a lawyer specializing in real estate law. My work is always interesting.

I handle all the legal work related to the sale of buildings and land.

I work 60 hours a week and sometimes get very stressed, but I'm happy most of the time.

Fitness Industry

I am a personal trainer. I love this job because