Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for University

13. Thermal loads in Force Method.

Due to the change Of the temperature into the element the displacement of the structure is Described the following formula:

Where:

t – Is calculated: t = t_C – t₀.

t_C - current temperature in the Element at the centroid of element cross-section.

t₀ - the beginning temperature in The element.

α_t –thermal expansion ratio.

N_i – the values of axial forces in The elements under the unit force X_i.

Due to the temperature Difference around the element the displacement of the structure is Described the following formula:

Where:

Δt – is Calculated: Δt = t_u – t_d.

α_t – thermal expansion ratio.

h – a height of element cross-section.

M_i – the values of moments in the Elements under the unit force X_i.

14. Flexible

Understanding Mental Disorders

Significant impairments in psychological functioning are called mental disorders. These psychological or behavioral syndromes occur in response to the distress or disability that a particular event provokes (SHAPSE, 2008) and affect diverse features of someone’s behavior or personality depending on the brain area damaged or the environment the patient is surrounded by (Garety, Kuipers, Fowler, Freeman & Bebbington, 2001). Mental illnesses are caused by maladaptive or dysfunctional traits or by the presence of psychological stressors (APA, 2013).

The World Health Organization (2001) announced that a high percentage of people worldwide will suffer from some mental disorders or brain conditions at some point... Continue reading "Understanding Mental Disorders: Types, Causes, and Impact" »

Can Stress Be Helpful for Us?

We know what stress is and how it can affect people, but can stress be helpful for us? Can we make stress our friend? How?

(Video: How to make stress your friend)

Stress is a physical and mental condition that occurs when we adapt to the environment. There are some events that produce this internal state, such as work pressure, marital problems, financial problems, travel, dating, or getting a new job. Stress can be a major behavioral risk if it’s severe or prolonged, but it is not always bad. In this way, we know what stress is and how it can affect people, but can stress be helpful for us?

The Impact of Long-Term Stress

On the one hand, long-term stress produces maladaptive changes. Its impact can be understood... Continue reading "Transforming Stress into a Positive Force" »

Revenge Tragedy

Revenge tragedy is a genre of English theatre written from the mid-1580s to the early 1640s. The main themes of these plays are ghosts, incest, rape, torture, perversion, murder, betrayal, madness, strong passions, bloody violence, etc. Some of the most influential writers of this time were John Ford, Thomas Middleton, Thomas Kyd, John Marston, John Webster, George Chapman and Cyril Tourneur. We can distinguish some plays such as Kyd’s Spanish Tragedy, which initiated the dramatic archetype, inventing the basic formula.

Notable Works

Another crowd-pleasers tragedy was Thomas Middleton’s ‘The Revenger’s Tragedy’ (1606). We can distinguish Shakespeare’s ‘Hamlet’ even if others claim that it is not a true Revenge Tragedy.... Continue reading "Influence and Themes of English Revenge Tragedy" »

Balance Sheet Structure

Assets

Non-Current Assets

• Intangible Assets (Industrial property less Accumulated depreciation of intangible property)
• Property, Plant and Equipment (Buildings, furniture, and technical equipment less Accumulated depreciation)
• Investment Property (Investment buildings less Accumulated depreciation and Impairment of investment property)
• Non-Current Financial Assets (Non-current investments in equity instruments)
• Deferred Tax Assets

Current Assets

• Inventories (Merchandise less Impairment of merchandise plus Advances to suppliers)
• Trade and Other Receivables (Trade receivables, other receivables, and tax receivables less Impairment of trade receivables)
• Other Current Assets (Prepaid expenses)
• Current Financial Investments (Receivables

Key Vocabulary: English and Spanish Equivalents

This section provides essential vocabulary related to social issues, actions, and digital communication.

Social Issues and Economic Terms

• Hunger - Hambre
• Inequality - Desigualdad
• Shelter - Refugio
• Slum - Barrio bajo
• Unemployment - Sin trabajo / Desempleo
• Wage - Sueldo

Verbs and Actions

• Bother - Molestar
• Charge - Cargo
• Drop out - Abandonar
• Overcome - Superar
• Rush (over) - Prisa sobre
• Go on strike - Ponerse en huelga
• Make sure - Asegurarse
• Support a cause - Apoyar una causa
• Take action - Tomar medidas
• Reject - Rechazar
• Remove - Eliminar
• Update - Actualizar
• Get rid of - Deshacerse de
• Accomplish - Lograr
• Disappoint - Decepcionar
• Grow up - Crecer
• Hang out - Pasar el rato
• Misunderstand - Malinterpretar
• Rise - Subir
• Wander - Andar

PREGUNTAS:

Foundational Principles in Foreign Language Education

Evolving FL Curricular Goals and Approaches

Traditionally, Foreign Language (FL) curricular goals focused on linguistic principles and concepts for students to learn and apply. At present, in consonance with the Common European Framework (CEFR), FL goals are oriented towards the development of not only concepts, but also principles and facts, encompassing a broader range of skills and knowledge.

Integrating Cross-Curricular Content in FL Teaching

The teaching and learning of a Foreign Language provides excellent opportunities to introduce other curricular contents, contributing to a more comprehensive education. Various areas can receive attention within the FL classroom.

Effective Classroom

Songs, Rhymes, and Chants for Language Learning

Children love songs, rhymes, and chants. Their repetitive nature and rhythm make them an ideal vehicle for language learning. Their usefulness is recognized by their inclusion in most language programs, and every primary school teacher will have their favorites.

Why Use Songs, Rhymes, and Chants?

This list of benefits for language learning has been grouped together under the main objectives of most language teaching programs:

• A linguistic resource.
• A psychological/affective resource.
• A cognitive resource.
• A cultural resource.
• A social resource.

Pronunciation Benefits

Songs, rhymes, and chants are particularly useful for practicing pronunciation. This includes individual sounds and sounds in connected speech,... Continue reading "Primary Language Education: Songs, Storybooks, and Spanish Curriculum" »

Advantages of Using Games in Language Learning

Games offer numerous benefits for language learners:

1. Variety and Engagement: Games introduce variety and break the monotony of traditional lessons, keeping students motivated and engaged.
2. Motivation and Energy: They provide a refreshing break from formal teaching, re-energizing students and fostering a positive learning environment.
3. Hidden Practice: Games offer opportunities for"hidde" or"disguise" language practice, reinforcing specific language patterns, vocabulary, and pronunciation in a fun and engaging way.
4. Cognitive Skill Development: Games can enhance attention span, concentration, memory, listening skills, and reading skills.
5. Increased Participation: Games encourage participation from all students,