Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for University

What do the letters TPR stand for? Who invented TPR? How does the inventor see L1 and L2 learning? What are the characteristics?

Total physical response

By a professor of psychology, at San José State University, California. James Asher.

Asher sees first and second language learning as parallel processes.

Characteristics:

• TPR required initial attention to meaning rather than to form.
• Grammar is taught inductively.
• Directions are given by the teacher in the target language.
• A fix number of items are introduced at one time. According to Asher, It is possible for pupils to learn between 12-36 new items in one hour.
• Body movements are a powerful mediator for understanding organisation and storage or linguistic input.
• Although the imperative is the main

Understanding Key Ceremonial Speeches and Public Roles

Ceremonial speeches serve vital functions in public life, marking important transitions, celebrations, and acknowledgments. Below are definitions of essential speech types and related roles in public speaking.

Master of Ceremonies (MC)

An individual designated to set the mood of the program, introduce participants, and keep the program moving smoothly.

Speech of Welcome

A brief, formal ceremonial address that greets and expresses pleasure for the presence of a person or an organization.

Speech of Introduction

A brief ceremonial speech that establishes a supportive climate for the main speaker, highlights the speaker's credibility by familiarizing the audience with pertinent biographical information,... Continue reading "Essential Types of Ceremonial Speeches and Public Speaking Roles" »

Problem solving group:

Four to seven people who work together to complete a specific task or solve a particular problem

Responsibility of group members:

Be committed to the group goal, keep discussions on track, complete individual assignments on time, encourage input from all members, manage conflict among members

Conflict:

Disagreement or clash among ideas, principles, or people

Groupthink:

When group members accept information and ideas without subjecting them to critical analysis

Five common conflict management styles

Withdrawing: A conflict management style that involves physically or psychologically removing yourself from the conflict

Accommodating: A conflict management style that involves accepting others' ideas while neglecting your own

Forcing:

Etymology

The origin of a word and the historical development of its meaning:

Example: ‘the etymology of the word ‘devil’’

Coinage

Coinage is the word formation process in which a new word is created either deliberately or accidentally.

Examples: Kleenex, Aspirin, Xerox

Borrowing

Process by which a word from one language is adapted for use in another.

Examples: croissant (French), yogurt (Turkish), piano (Italian)

Blending

Join two words together by taking parts of both words and combining them into a new whole.

Examples: Breakfast + lunch = brunch, Smoke + fog = smog, Motor + hotel = motel

Clipping

The process of cutting the beginning or the end of a word, or both, leaving a part to stand for the whole.

Examples: Prof (professor), Photo (photograph)... Continue reading "Word Formation Processes in English: A Comprehensive Guide" »

Quiz 8: Product Development & Distribution

1. The ______ step is the process of conducting market research on a potential product when engaging in the Product Development/Design process. EVALUATE

2. The CYL Yoga Studio is opening soon and needs to set up their product categories. All of the following will be labeled in the goods category EXCEPT: YOGA RETREATS

3. The Distribution Model represents all of the following EXCEPT: the flow of internationalization

4. ______ Model considers the logistics of having the right product in terms of the flow of information, innovation, compensation, and transaction costs. Miyazaki’s Distribution Approach

5. The ______ step is the process of determining the feasibility for a potential product when engaging in the Product

Social Networks

are spaces on the internet formed by communities of individuals with interests and activities in common, such as friendship, kinship, work, and that allow contact between them, so they can share content and interact.

No one thought that social networks were going to be a success

Many believed that they were just going to be a fad and would soon disappear. What is even more surprising is that it is now a consolidated universal platform, a highly requested and necessary tool for a brand, company, business, or artist. But it is not only of great help for various sectors, also for any individual who is in them.

Now, networks are already generating employment

but it was never thought that it would ever exist. New jobs were born due to

Personal Correspondence

Hi, thanks for your email; it was great to hear from you. It sounds like things are going well. I was delighted to receive your message.

Regarding your question about… I will start with that. To tell you the truth…

Oh, and one more thing, regarding your point about… honestly…

I will leave it at that for now. Drop me a line if you have any more questions or want further information. By the way, give my love to your mum and dad.

Cheers,
Omar

Correspondencia Personal

Hola, gracias por tu correo electrónico; fue muy bueno saber de ti. Parece que las cosas van bien. Estaba encantado de recibir tu mensaje.

Sobre tu pregunta relacionada con… empezaré por ahí. Para decirte la verdad…

Oh, y una cosa más, sobre tu punto... Continue reading "Professional Correspondence and Essay Structure Analysis" »

Present Continuous

To talk about something that is happening at the moment we talk.

• I’m studying now (Yo estoy estudiando ahora)
• I’m it raining? (está lloviendo?)

Past Simple

To speak of a concrete action that began and ended in the past.

• Tom stayed at home last night. (Tom se quedó en casa anoche.)
• I didn’t go to the party yesterday. (No fui a la fiesta ayer.)

Future Tense

Going to

Expresses the duration of a past action and does not indicate if it is finished.

Will

Work to raise capital and start my own business

I will study some specialization or the French language.

According to projections, everything seems to indicate that in the coming years tourism will increase slowly.

Present Perfect

When do we use present perfect? ¿Cuándo usamos el presente... Continue reading "Spanish Grammar: Present Continuous, Past Simple, and Future Tense" »

It was the President of the USA Woodrow Wilson the most powerful advocate of the League, since his 14 points intended to serve as the basis for world peace. Point 14 says: “A general association of nations should be formed …to create mutual guarantees of the political independence and territorial integrity of States, large and small equally.”

Organs:

The Assembly (representatives of all Members of the League), The Council, The Secretariat, The Permanent Court of I Justice (the first attempt to create a global forum of justice) and The International Labor Organization

The League tried to establish a New global order: based on Multilateralism and Cooperation, members agreed to work together to maintain peace, to control national armaments... Continue reading "The League of Nations and the Failure of Global Cooperation" »