Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for University

Multiple Choice Questions

1. In music, a sound that has a definite pitch is called a

a.  noise.         b. dynamic accent.     c.  sound.        d.  tone.

2.  The vibrations of brass instruments come from

a.  the vibrations of a string                b.            a single reed.

c.  the right hand of the musician.       d. the musician’s lips.

3.  The ___________ belongs to the woodwind family

        a. trumpet                    b. flute

c.  violin                     d. organ

4.  Which of the following percussion instruments have indefinite pitch?

        a. Snare drum              b. Chimes

c.  Tympani               ... Continue reading "Music Theory Fundamentals: A Quiz" »

Sensation & Perception

Brain & Learning

Theories & Concepts

Sensation and Perception

Sensation: Receiving stimuli.

Perception: Understanding stimuli.

Selective attention: Focusing on a specific aspect of experience.

Selective perception: Recalling only circumstances that confirm our beliefs.

Cognitive Frameworks

Paradigms (Frames): Theoretical frameworks.

Paradigm shift: Change in the overriding theoretical framework.

Neuroplasticity: Brain's capacity to change based on experience.

Functional fixedness: Getting locked into one way of thinking.

Determinism vs. Free Will

Determinism: Belief in being governed by external forces (biological, Freudian, behavioral).

Free will: Belief in being a result of choices made.

• Internal locus of control: Taking responsibility.
• External locus of control: Blaming others.

Self-Talk

Rome was located in the center of Europe and the Mediterranean Sea (good for expansion) and protected by mountains in the north. It was founded by twin brothers: Romulus and Remus in 753 BCE. It was a fusion between Etruscan and native Roman elements. The Roman Republic was a system of government ruled by elected representatives. The Roman Empire conquered the Mediterranean, after fighting three wars: Punic Wars. The decline and fall of the Roman Empire took place between 133-31 BCE. During the Age of Augustus (31-14 BCE) there were provincial reforms, uniform imperial policy was established, and the frontiers were stabilized. There were five good emperors who followed the Pax Romana. The crisis in the third century was caused by military anarchy,... Continue reading "Ancient Rome and Greece: History, Culture, and Legacy" »

1. Marketing Objectives

Ideal marketing objectives must be SMART: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound.

2. Types of Marketing Data

2a) Primary Data

Information developed by the researcher for a specific project.

2b) Secondary Data

Information that has previously been gathered by the company or other researchers: public and private or internal information.

3. Deontology Market Research Code

Designed by ESOMAR and ICC to set essential standards of ethical and professional conduct. Researchers must ensure that personal data is fully protected when publishing findings, and maintain professional responsibility.

3a) ICC (International Chamber of Commerce)

World's largest business organization with 6.5 million members in more than 130 countries.... Continue reading "A Comprehensive Guide to Market Research Techniques and Methodologies" »

What is Anthropology? What are the sub-disciplines of Anthropology?

Anthropology - the study of the human species and its immediate ancestors

Subdisciplines (CABL)

Cultural - study of human society and culture. Analyzes, interprets, and social and cultural similarities and differences. Ex: ethnography (field work) - live in small communities and study behavior, belief, custom, social life, economic activities, politics, and religion. Ethnology (based on cross-cultural comparison) - examines, compares, analyzes, and interprets results of ethnography and archaeology to compare similarities and differences.

Archaeological - reconstructs, describes, and interprets human behavior and cultural patterns through material remains (tools, weapons, garbage,... Continue reading "Introduction to Anthropology: Sub-disciplines and Concepts" »

I. Causes of World War I

Major Factors Leading to the War

• Militarism: The build-up of military forces by nations to safeguard their interests and resources.
• Imperialism: The expansion of larger nations by taking over smaller nations and their territories.
• Nationalism: Extreme pride in one's country, often at the expense of international cooperation.
• Entangling Alliances: A complex web of treaties and agreements that obligated nations to support each other in times of war, drawing multiple countries into the conflict.

II. The U.S. Before World War I

Events Leading to U.S. Involvement

• The Lusitania Incident: The sinking of a British passenger ship with American citizens on board by a German U-boat, sparking anti-German sentiment in the U.S.
• The Zimmerman

Balance Scorecard Methodology

• It is the only one since the 1960s F
• Many standard management tools F
• Balance Scorecards are "strategic" T

Benefits of Using the BSC Methodology

• For performance monitoring and evaluation Public Sector
• To include non-financial measures Private Sector
• This should be developed first, then with a conscious understanding of what needs to be achieved Strategic linkage mode
• In the 1980s, organizations F
• A sustainable solution to the difficult task F
• These are linked together in the two perspectives Activities and outcomes
• This facilitates the articulation and development A workshop approach
• A 2005 survey of companies that use tools T
• The social perspective is one F

Steps in Using the BSC

• Select the strategic objectives 2
• Select financial

What is a Plasma Membrane, and Do All Cells Have One?

The plasma membrane encloses the cytoplasm and the cell's genetic material. It regulates what enters and exits the cell. Yes, all cells have a plasma membrane.

What Are the Two Central Tenets of Cell Theory?

• All organisms are composed of cells.
• Cells come only from preexisting cells.

What Are the Two Main Types of Cells?

• Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
• Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus that houses DNA.

Where Do Prokaryotic Cells Store Their Genetic Material?

In the nucleoid.

What Domains Do Prokaryotic Cells Belong To?

Archaea and Bacteria.

What Are Three Characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells?

• They are much smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.
• They reproduce very quickly and effectively

The Emperor of Ice-Cream

Poem Structure

• Two stanzas, each with eight lines.
• Unrhymed, not blank verse.

Title Significance

• The poem's title, "The Emperor of Ice-Cream," is repeated twice within the poem.
• It emphasizes the phrase "the only emperor."

Poetic Voice and Imperatives

• The poetic speaker directly addresses the reader or a group, using imperative verbs like "call," "let," and "bid."

First Stanza: The Kitchen Scene

• Preparation of food, likely ice cream.
• Sexual connotations are present, notably with the word "concupiscent" and the alliteration of the plosive /k/ in "cups concupiscent curds."
• Phallic symbolism: "big cigar" and the description of a muscular man.
• Girls are depicted having fun and flirting in the kitchen while ice cream is being made.
• The