Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for University

Nationalization of important branches of the economy

Many strategic branches of the economy were nationalized in many countries, for example, heavy industries like iron and steel or shipbuilding, network industries such as telecommunications and electricity (which were considered natural monopolies).

Finance/Industry relationship

●The Anglo-Saxon model is different and firms rely more on capital markets for the provision of finance.

●In Germany banks have been heavily engaged with industrial capital in durable relationships based on long-term success. The interlocking relationships between financial and industrial capital have provided stability, a healthy flow of information to the financial institutions which in turn has helped firms to obtain... Continue reading "Nationalization of Strategic Industries and Finance-Industry Relationships" »

1. Raw Materials and Services Defined

   • Raw materials are basic products.
   • Services refer to technical support.

2. Understanding Industrial Products

   An industrial product is defined as the combination of tangible and intangible aspects.

3. Industrial Product Development Process

   The process to develop new industrial products includes:

   1. Idea Generation
   2. Idea Screening
   3. Concept Development and Testing
   4. Business Analysis
   5. Product Development
   6. Market Testing
   7. Commercialization

4. Distribution Channel Decisions

   A distribution channel decision consists of determining the type and number of middlemen.

   • In the cardboard case, it was suggested to combine all distribution channels.
   • Distribution channels in industrial markets should be responsible for selling and promoting the products.

5. Total

• Importance of Industrial Marketing

  Industrial Marketing is crucial as organizations require diverse products and services.

• Customization in B2B Offerings

  Industrial marketing products and services are often customized to client needs.

• Understanding Derived Demand

  Derived demand: Products are utilized to produce other goods or services.

• Characteristics of Industrial Markets

  Industrial markets are characterized by fewer, larger buyers.

• Concept of Joint Demand

  Joint demand: Occurs when one industrial product's utility depends on the existence of another. For example, a pump set is unusable without an electric motor or diesel engine.

• Key Industrial Customers

  Industrial Customers: Primarily industrial distribution dealers.

• Government as a Customer

  Government

The Intertwined Relationship Between Language and Identity

It is widely accepted that language significantly shapes our identity. The role of language within the broader social context is crucial, particularly as a symbolic attachment that reinforces identity. Furthermore, identity is undeniably linked to ethnicity, which can be understood as a sense of group belonging derived from shared bonds like language, race, or religion. While this definition may seem abstract, ethnicity can be clarified by examining its specific characteristics.

The Significance of Ethnic Group Boundaries

We are all members of an ethnic group (ethnos - nation), although dominant groups often do not identify themselves as such. Boundaries between groups are paramount, as... Continue reading "Language's Role in Shaping Ethnic Identity" »

Distribution Channels

Three key flows define service distribution channels:

1. Information and Promotion Flow: Distribution of information and promotional materials to generate customer interest in purchasing the service.
2. Negotiation Flow: Reaching an agreement on the service features and terms to close the deal. Sell the right service to the right consumer.
3. Product Flow: Determining the delivery location.
   • People-processing and possession-processing services typically require physical facilities for delivery.
   • Information-processing services can often be delivered through electronic channels.

Service Location Strategies

Ministores

Create numerous small service factories to maximize geographic coverage.

Locating in Multipurpose Facilities

Establish service... Continue reading "Effective Service Distribution: Channels and Strategies" »

The Lost Sheep

If some man has a hundred sheep, and one of them is lost for him, does not abandon he the ninety-nine in the mountain, and go and seek that one that he lost? And if he finds it, truly I tell you that he rejoices more for that one than over the ninety-nine that he has never lost.

Old Testament: Book of Genesis. Abraham and Isaac

1. God wanted to test Abraham's obedience and called his name.
2. And said to him in this manner.

Evolution of the iPhone

Released on June 29, 2007, the iPhone has seen multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases since.

User Interface and Connectivity

The user interface is built around the device's multi-touch screen, including a virtual keyboard. The iPhone has Wi-Fi and can connect to cellular networks.

Core iPhone Features

An iPhone can:

• Shoot video (standard feature from the iPhone 3GS)
• Take photos
• Play music
• Send and receive email
• Browse the web
• Send and receive text messages
• Follow GPS navigation
• Record notes
• Perform mathematical calculations
• Receive visual voicemail

Other functionality, such as video games, reference works, and social networking, can be enabled by downloading mobile apps.

The App Store Ecosystem

As of January 2017, Apple'... Continue reading "Evolution of the iPhone: Early Models & Capabilities" »

Trophic Interactions and Food Webs

Trophic interactions are known as a food web. In a food web, herring typically receives about 0.68% of primary production, compared to 1% in a linear food chain. Ecosystems with fewer trophic levels often exhibit greater fish production.

The Biological Pump

The biological pump refers to the removal of organic matter (specifically organic carbon, fixed by phytoplankton during photosynthesis) from the euphotic zone to deeper waters and ultimately to the ocean floor (sediments).

Biogeochemistry and Trace Metals

Biogeochemistry involves the biological mediation of geochemistry. It encompasses major element cycles such as Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Sulfur (S). These cycles are intimately linked to... Continue reading "Ocean Dynamics and Climate Science Fundamentals" »

The Concept of Alter Egos in Poe's Short Stories

In Edgar Allan Poe's short stories, the concept of alter egos often appears. Minister D., a character in"The Purloined Letter" serves as the criminal counterpart to Dupin, a detective who typically operates within the law.

Dupin's Recognition of the Similarity

Dupin acknowledges the resemblance between himself and Minister D., referring to him as"that monstrum horrendum, an unprincipled man of genius" He delights in outwitting the Minister in a battle of intellect.

The Fake Letter and the Greek Mythological Reference

In a fake letter left for Minister D., Dupin includes a quote about the Greek brothers Atreus and Thyestes. Thyestes's adultery with Atreus's wife leads to Atreus's revenge, in which... Continue reading "Minister D.: Dupin's Equal in Understanding the Human Mind" »