Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for University

Tariq bin Ziyad

Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād was a Muslim commander who led the Islamic Umayyad conquest of Visigothic Hispania in 711–718 A.D. Under the orders of the Umayyad Caliph Al-Walid I, he led a large army across the Strait of Gibraltar from the North African coast, consolidating his troops at what is today known as the Rock of Gibraltar.

Treaty of Granada

The Treaty of Granada, signed and ratified on November 25, 1491, between Boabdil (the sultan of Granada), Ferdinand, and Isabella, stipulated the surrender of Granada and its territory by a certain time. The conditions were favorable: The Moors were to keep their religious freedom, their civil laws, and their right to leave the country. They were only required to pay the taxes they previously... Continue reading "Key Figures and Concepts in Islamic History" »

The Fundamentals of Act-Utilitarianism

Act-utilitarianism is a utilitarian theory. It is the belief that an action becomes morally right when it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Utilitarianism is a theory developed by John Stuart Mill, who was one of the most influential figures in the history of classical liberalism. Mill was a proponent of Utilitarianism, which is known as an ethical philosophy or idea in which the happiness of the greatest number of people in society is considered the greatest good.

Consequentialism and the Hedonist Principle

Utilitarianism is also a version of Consequentialism, which is a theory that the moral and ethical rightness of an action depends on the consequences of that action. The moral... Continue reading "Act-Utilitarianism: Ethics and the Greatest Good Principle" »

Immune to Impresud with Inferior to
Indifferent to Jealous of Kind to keen on
Limited to Lucky at/with Mad at about Married to Nervous of/about Notorious for
Opposed to Optimistic about Patient with
Pessimistic about Pleased with Polite to
Popular with Presented with Proudof Punished for Puzzled by/about Qualified for
Ready for Related to Responsible for Sad about Sensitive to/about Serious about Sick of Similar to Shocked by Skillful at Slow at
Sorry for/about Successful at/in Suitable for Sure of/about Superior to Surprised at/by
Suspicious of Sympathetic with Talented at
Terrible at Terrified of Tired of Thankful to/for Typical of Upset about Used to. Nouns + prep ON Debate on Information on Hold on
Agreement on Ban on Congratulations on
Decision... Continue reading "Essential English Prepositions List" »

Cubism

Dadaism

Inchoate Crimes: An Overview

Definition

Inchoate crimes, also known as incomplete crimes, are actions that are not crimes in themselves but occur in conjunction with other crimes. Examples include attempted murder and conspiracy to commit robbery.

Types of Inchoate Crimes

Conspiracy

Conspiracy is the oldest inchoate crime. It involves an agreement between two or more people to commit an unlawful act. The purpose of conspiracy laws is to prevent and punish criminal partnerships from attempting substantive offenses.

Elements of Conspiracy:

1. Agreement between two or more people
2. Intent to commit a crime
3. Overt act by any co-conspirator in furtherance of the conspiracy

The overt act need not be criminal but only needs to carry the project forward.

Conspiracy... Continue reading "Inchoate Crimes: Conspiracy, Attempt, Solicitation, and More" »

Calendar-based: When your plan matches your calendar. For example, you start in January, aim to complete your vision in February, establish your goals in March, etc. The deadlines are important, but you can be more flexible.

Theme-based: This is used when your strategy has specific themes that would be logical to deliver together. For example, a new training program and online chat technology.

Business-based: Aligning your strategic plan with the overall business goals.

SMART:

• Specific: It should be clear what needs to be achieved for the action plan to be met.
• Measurable: A clear measure so that everyone involved knows when the plan has to be done.
• Attainable: Setting action plans that are realistic.
• Relevant: The action plan has to be relevant to

Resistors

• Longer side on positive
• Limit current through circuit
• Measured in ohms (Ω)

Voltage, Current, and Resistance

• Voltage (V): Exerted force to push electricity
• Current (I): Amount of electricity pushed (measured in Amps)
• Resistance (R): Constraints on the flow of electricity
• V = I*R, R=V/I, I=V/R

Diodes

• Act as stop-gap gates
• Ensure electron flow in intended direction

Motors

• Regular DC motors: Spin at various speeds
• Servo motors: Directional control, moving arm from controllable positions

Serial Communications

• Used to print values to Serial Monitor
• Good for troubleshooting

LEDs

• Light Emitting Diodes
• Light up when required forward voltage is found
• Intensity of light depends on current flow

Photodiodes

• Trip to reception of light, not emission of it
• Basics of solar

Week 4 and 5: Zoonotics and Climate Change

What is a vector-borne disease?

Vector-borne diseases are human illnesses caused by parasites, viruses, and bacteria that are transmitted by mosquitoes, sandflies, triatomine bugs, blackflies, ticks, tsetse flies, mites, snails, and lice. Know some examples of common vector-borne diseases such as cholera, dengue, and malaria. Be able to name a few common vectors (mosquitos, ticks, fleas) and a disease they carry.

Difference between direct and indirect modes of transmission

Indirect has a vector.

Role of Climate Change on Vector-Borne Diseases

Week 6: Toxic Metals: CERCLA and Superfund Sites

Clean up of waste sites. Toxic and hazardous and radioactive. Superfund is a United States federal government program... Continue reading "Vector-Borne Diseases, Toxic Metals, Pesticides, and Air Pollution" »

The transmission view of communication

The transmission view of communication is the commonest in our culture--perhaps in all industrial cultures--and dominates contemporary dictionary entries under the term. It is defined by terms such as "imparting," "sending," "transmitting," or "giving information to others." It is formed from a metaphor of geography or transportation. In the nineteenth century but to a lesser extent today, the movement of goods or people and the movement of information were seen as essentially identical processes and both were described by the common noun "communication." The center of this idea of communication is the transmission of signals or messages over distance for the purpose of control. It is a view of communication