Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for University

Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychology:

The application of psychological principles and theories to the workplace.

Scientist/Practitioner Model:

An approach used to train I/O psychologists maintaining that because I/O psychologists are both generators and consumers of knowledge, training must be focused on both theory and application.

Competencies:

The skills, behaviors, and capabilities that allow employees to perform specific functions.

Dissertation:

A unique piece of scholarly research that is usually the last hurdle before obtaining a PhD.

My Alpha and Army Beta:

Mental ability tests developed by I/O psychologists during World War I that were used to select and classify army personnel.

Science:

A process or method for generating a body of knowledge.... Continue reading "Understanding I/O Psychology and Research Methods" »

Stages of the Service Marketing Research Process

Complaint Solicitation

A method of communication to improve services by gathering customer feedback.

Critical Incident Studies

Qualitative interviews where customers share stories of satisfying and dissatisfying service encounters.

Requirement Research

Identifying the expected benefits and attributes customers desire in a service.

Relationship and SERVQUAL Surveys

Questionnaires assessing the customer-company relationship to identify strengths and weaknesses.

Trailer Calls or Post-Transaction Surveys

Brief surveys conducted immediately after a transaction to capture key service encounter information.

Service Expectation Meetings and Reviews

Eliciting client expectations at a specific time and later assessing... Continue reading "Service Marketing Research: Process, Relationships, and Recovery" »

Cell Membrane Dynamics

Plasma membrane phospholipids are labeled with a fluorescent tag and then the phospholipids in one area are bleached with a laser beam to eliminate the fluorescent signal. What would one observe after the cell is incubated for a few minutes? The bleached molecules would diffuse laterally through the membrane and intermix with unbleached molecules. Cellular membranes are mosaic and fluid. Glycosylated proteins and lipids within the plasma membrane are important for cell recognition and protection.

Passive Diffusion

Passive diffusion is a spontaneous process. Water diffuses through certain organs such as the kidneys and bladder much faster than would occur by passive diffusion through a lipid bilayer alone. What accounts for... Continue reading "Cell Membrane Dynamics and Transport Mechanisms" »

Python Store Management System

This code defines a Store class in Python, designed to manage customers, sellers, and orders. It uses basic object-oriented principles and data structures.

Class Definition

from Problema2.Cliente import Cliente
from Problema2.Vendedor import Vendedor

class Tienda():
    def __init__(self):
        self.__personas = []
        self.__pedidos = []

    def altaCliente(self, Cliente):
        alta = False
        if Cliente in self.__personas:
            alta = False
        else:
            self.__personas.append(Cliente)
            alta = True
        return alta

    def altaVendedor(self, Vendedor):
        alta = False
        if Vendedor in self.__personas:
            alta = False
        else:

Probability Distributions

Discrete Random Variables

1. If the outcomes of a discrete random variable follow a Poisson distribution, then which of the following is true?
   • (A) The mean equals the variance.
2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a binomial probability distribution?
   • (A) Each trial has a finite number of possible outcomes.
3. If the probability of a machine producing a defective part is 0.05, what is the probability of finding exactly 5 defective parts from a sample of 100? (Assume that the process follows a binomial distribution and round the answer to four places.)
   • (C) 0.1800
4. The number of arrivals of delivery trucks per hour at a loading station is an example of which of the following processes?
   • (C) Poisson
5. When sampling without replacement

Promotion: The Key to Increased Sales

The final and crucial factor that helps to increase sales and marketing effectiveness is promotion. Promotion is the method of communication by which the marketer provides information about the product. It includes advertisements, personal selling, word-of-mouth publicity, etc. For example, the Apple iPhone is promoted on TV, social media, etc.

E-commerce Pricing Strategies

Many online retail businesses use one of three popular strategies to set product prices: cost-based, competitor-based, and value-based.

Cost-Based Pricing

Cost-based pricing, or as it is sometimes called, cost-plus pricing, may be the most popular pricing model in the retail industry. Its greatest advantage is simplicity. It permits a store,... Continue reading "Effective Marketing Strategies and Pricing Models" »

Mindsets and Learning Theories

Understanding Mindsets

• Fixed Mindset: Individuals believe their intelligence is static, "carved in stone," leading them to question their inherent capability.
• Growth Mindset: Individuals believe their knowledge and abilities are always expanding and growing through continuous learning.

Learning Styles and Limitations

Scientific studies indicate that individuals with different learning styles may perform better when material is presented in a specific way. However, if learning styles limit learning, it is often because individuals believe they are incapable of learning through other methods.

Sleep and Memory Consolidation

Relationship between Sleep and Learning: Sleep helps compile information into more memorable material.... Continue reading "Core Concepts in Psychology and Research Methods" »

Which of the following statements about the relationship between interest rates and bond prices is true?

1. There is an inverse relationship between bond prices and interest rates.
2. There is a direct relationship between bond prices and interest rates.
3. The price of short-term bonds fluctuates more than the price of long-term bonds for a given change in interest rates. (Assuming that coupon rate is the same for both)
4. The price of long-term bonds fluctuates more than the price of short-term bonds for a given change in interest rates. (Assuming that the coupon rate is the same for both)

Answer: I and IV only

Bond Duration

Consider a bond with a face value of $1,000, a coupon rate of 8%, a yield to maturity of 9%, and ten years to maturity. This bond's duration... Continue reading "Relationship between Interest Rates and Bond Prices" »

Policy as Institutional Output

• Governments bestow legitimacy, universality, and mandatory policies.
• The characteristics of government organizations and institutions influence the types of public policies embraced by officials.
• Certain issues, problems, and interest groups have more weight than others in government.

Process Model

• It conceives the political process as a series of political activities: identification of the problem, establishment of the agenda, formulation, legitimation, implementation, and evaluation.

Group Theory Model

• Policies are the efforts of groups to influence and modify public policies.

Theory of the Elite

• Public policy reflects the interests and values of the elite rather than the demands of the people.
• Change in public policy

1- Intermediaries: Buy products from manufacturers and resell them to consumers.