Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Teaching & Education

Context

Context is understood as the extralinguistic circumstances that influence the linguistic form of an utterance. It is formed by all the ethnographic knowledge that is necessary to interpret the statement. It is something dynamic, and those who participate in a communicative exchange have to build it.

Dimensions

• Location
• Nonverbal behavior
• Language as context
• Extra-situational context

Levels

• Spatio-temporal: The environment in which the communication takes place.
• Situational: What happens around the speakers as they converse is also influential.
• Sociocultural: The social characteristics of the participants that determine the form and interpretation of a message.
• Cognitive: General knowledge of the world, as well as the intentions of a participant.

Transmedia Storytelling: Unfolding Across Multiple Platforms

Pros and Cons of Transmedia Storytelling

Shared Knowledge and Collaborative Processes

Unit 6 Level 2 Test Answers

Vocabulary Section

1. Phrasal Verbs & Expressions

1. pick up
2. break up
3. set off
4. start over
5. look up to
6. snapped up
7. picked out
8. stocked up on
9. picked up
10. broke down

2. Vocabulary & Concepts

1. in the spotlight
2. doing their best
3. trend
4. available
5. environmentally friendly
6. breaks down
7. landfill
8. a drop in the ocean
9. pressing

Grammar Section

3. Verb Forms & Structures

1. visit
2. will notice
3. are being made
4. Can... guess
5. to think
6. costs / is costing
7. has revealed
8. will tempt / tempts
9. is... written
10. wonder
11. (have) participated

4. Sentence Transformations & Rewrites

1. have a temperature, I'll be back at school
2. my shoes repaired
3. that / which I started last night
4. seeing / that we see a film that weekend
5. she had been worrying about me
6. being asked to leave (by the security guards)

5.

Managerial roles: Interpersonal role: Figurehead, leader, liaison, Informational role: Monitor, disseminator, spokesman, Decisional role: Entrepreneur, Troubleshooter, Resource Allocator, negotiator.

The Vroom and Yetton Approach: Leadership theory that provides a set of rules for determining the form and amount of individual or participatory decision making in different situations. Leading model participation: Autocratic A1: The manager decides using available information. Autocratic A2: Manager gets information from the subordinate and decides. Consultative C1: The problem is shared with each subordinate, Consultative C2: The decision may or may not reflect the influence of the subordinates. Collaborative G2: The problem is shared with the... Continue reading "Managerial Roles and Decision-Making Models" »

Answerable to

(tapescript) Responsible to

Apprentice

Someone who works for a skilled employer for a fixed period in return for being taught the skills necessary for that job.

Bargaining

Discussing prices, etc. to get a result that is to your own advantage.

Candidate

Person who applies for a job or wants to be elected to a particular position.

Carpenter

Person whose job is making or repairing wooden things.

Chambermaids

Women whose job it is to clean and tidy hotel bedrooms.

Clientele

Group of customers or guests.

Comes Under the Remit of

(tapescript) Is the responsibility of.

Command of

Knowledge of.

Courteous

Polite.

Day-to-Day

Planning for only one day at a time.

Dealings with sb

(tapescript) Relations with sb, especially in business.

Delegates

People who have been... Continue reading "Essential Hotel Management Vocabulary" »

End of Year Test 1

Vocabulary

1. Boring
2. Under
3. Preparing
4. Confident

Vocabulary

1. Disrespectful
2. Sensitive
3. Stylish
4. Modest

Verbs

1. Looking
2. Come
3. Apologize
4. Replaced

Expressions

1. Made a fortune
2. Out of the blue
3. Take part
4. Got good grades

Adjectives

1. Optimistic
2. Get
3. Illegal
4. Useful

Does the lesson provide for adequate assistance for students who do not learn from the initial procedure?

If only everyone "got it" right the first time! The reality is that almost no lesson is 100% reliable. That means some students will fall behind. They "won't get it," and you need to think about what to do about that. The problem is compounded because you are confronted with the real problem of what to do with the students who did "get it" while you are attending to those who didn't. Usual pedagogical thinking suggests that the "got it" students can be given some ancillary work, or some enrichment materials while you work with the students who need your help

Does the lesson provide adequate practice to permit consolidation and integration

Synonym:

A synonym is a word or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another lexeme in the same language. We can distinguish 2 different sub-forms:

• Total synonyms: airman - pilot or car - automobile
• Partial synonyms: car – vehicle

Metaphor:

A figure of speech in which a word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea used in place of another to suggest a likeness or analogy between them

Ex: 'Life is a journey.'

Differentiation:

The differentiation are the different reading of a sentence that is determined by the context.

Ex: I understand what you have said:

• I see your point.
• I can understand your language.

The Principle of Consistent Interpretation:

At the level of utterance meaning, a composite expression is always interpreted... Continue reading "Understanding Language: Synonyms, Metaphors, and Differentiation" »

1. Blame it all on: Mr. Selfridge

He was the first person to write the phrase: "The customer is always right." He always thought that the customer always has to win.

2. Empty vs Full Words: Sarah Hatter

Sarah Hatter talks about achieving the best customer communication by first taking care of your daily basis, curating your language, removing robotic and empty words, and adding more sincere and human "full" words.

• Empty words: feedback, issue, we don't
• Full words: Thank you, really sorry, great idea

3. The New Times

This section discusses why customer service in hospitality is everything. The days when customers were happy only to receive thanks are gone. We have to take into account the level of customer satisfaction to provide the best customer... Continue reading "The Customer is Always Right: Exploring Modern Customer Service" »

Approach

Philosophy about teaching and learning a second language. Principles concerning the nature of language.

Method

System of principles and rules about learning a second language. The overall plan for the instruction of the target language, which is strictly based on and consistent with the selected approach.

Technique

Implementational. It is any activity that actually takes place in the classroom in harmony with the preferred method.

Total Physical Response

Parents have “large body conversations” with their children. The parent instructs, and the child physically responds to this. Even though it can't speak during this time, the child is taking in all of language. The teacher then says the command and the students all do the action. Repeating... Continue reading "Approach, Method, and Technique in Second Language Learning" »