Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Teaching & Education

Sort by
Subject
Level

Effective Writing Techniques and Styles for Different Purposes

Classified in Teaching & Education

Written on in English with a size of 3.15 KB

Paragraph

Is the subdivision of a written composition that consists of one or more sentences, deals with one point and begins on a new line. Elements: purpose, audience, clarity, unity and coherence. Techniques to achieve fluency: linkers, repetition, varying sentence length, punctuation and synonyms.


What to Avoid in Summaries?

No opinion, no pronouns, no adjectives, no exact figures, achieve neutral style.


Letters

Purpose: inform, complain, request, apologize, give opinion and apply-organization-intro: aim of letter/present the idea/dear sir, madam> yours faithfully//dear mr thomas> your sincerely-body: develop idea, give previous background and specific data-conclusion: sum up the info / point of view--style: friend: semiformal, to an editor... Continue reading "Effective Writing Techniques and Styles for Different Purposes" »

Newspaper Terminology and Structure

Classified in Teaching & Education

Written on in English with a size of 5.34 KB

ARTICLE: artículo // A text or piece of writing

BROADSHEET: periódico serio// A large-format newspaper with usually serious content

CENSOR: censurar// official with the power to stop publication of certain articles

CHEQUEBOOK: talonario de cheques// the obtaining of exclusive rights to a story by payment of large sums of money

JOURNALIST: periodista // person who writes articles for a paper

CORRESPONDENT: corresponsal// 1 person who writes a letter to a paper 2 person who writes articles for a paper

CRITIC: crítico// a person who writes articles, especially stating opinion, about art, music…

CROPPED: recortado

CAPTION: subtítulo

DESK: sección// a department of a newspaper

EDIT: editar// to check, modify, and generally prepare written material... Continue reading "Newspaper Terminology and Structure" »

Mastering English Grammar: Voice, Conditionals, and Essay Writing

Classified in Teaching & Education

Written on in English with a size of 8.04 KB

Passive Voice Construction

The passive voice is formed with: Subject (patient) + to be (conjugated) + past participle + complement.

Example 1 (Active to Passive):

  • Active: An old woman arrested the thief.
  • Passive: The thief was arrested by an old woman.

Example 2 (Modal Passive):

  • Active: They may have analyzed the results.
  • Passive: The results may have been analyzed.

Passive Voice with Two Objects

When an active verb has two objects (direct and indirect), either can become the subject of the passive sentence.

Example: He sent me flowers.

  • Passive (Direct Object as Subject): Flowers were sent to me.
  • Passive (Indirect Object as Subject): I was sent flowers.

Passive Voice Verb Tense Transformations

Here's how common verb tenses transform into the passive voice:... Continue reading "Mastering English Grammar: Voice, Conditionals, and Essay Writing" »

Dimensions of Business Innovation and Marketing Strategies

Classified in Teaching & Education

Written on in English with a size of 2.18 KB

Marketing Innovation

Innovation in marketing is critical. Imaginative ideas on strategy exist in many places within a company.

Senior management should identify and encourage fresh ideas from three underrepresented groups: employees with youthful or diverse perspectives, employees far removed from company headquarters, and employees new to the industry. Each group can challenge company orthodoxy and stimulate new ideas.

Scenario analysis: Develop different ideas. “What will we do if it happens?”

Dimensions of Business Innovation

  • Offerings (WHAT): Develop innovative new products or services.
  • Platform: Use common components or building blocks to create derivative offerings.
  • Solutions: Create integrated and customized offerings that solve end-to-
... Continue reading "Dimensions of Business Innovation and Marketing Strategies" »

Principles of Flight

Classified in Teaching & Education

Written on in English with a size of 2.12 KB

Traditional prescriptive grammar
Correct usage: the do¡¦s and don¡¦ts/ Dogmatic
Example: Use ¡¥must¡¦ for internal obligation, and ¡¥have to¡¦ for external obligation
It is often inaccurate and subjective, and tends to ignore actual usage
It ignores the fact that a living language is constantly on the move.
It usually follows a decontextualized, rote memorization, worksheet-driven approach void of real-life application.


More on traditional grammar
Emphasis on correctness
Based on the principles which rule Latin
Preeminence of written form over oral form
Difference between what people actually do with L and what the should do.
Objetive: to preserve proper language
Restricted mainly to SYNTAX

Structuralist applied

... Continue reading "Principles of Flight" »

Understanding Text Properties: Cohesion and Coherence in Communication

Classified in Teaching & Education

Written on in English with a size of 3.78 KB

Text Properties: Definition and Characteristics

A text is a complete communication unit, whether oral or written, that occurs in a particular situation with a specific communicative intention. Its essential properties or characteristics are adequacy, coherence, and cohesion.

Understanding Text Properties: Adequacy and Coherence

A text demonstrates adequacy when it is well-adapted to the issuer's communicative intention and the specific communication situation.

A text is coherent if its various statements meet the following criteria:

  • They are interrelated, meaning they refer to the same subject.
  • They maintain a logical relationship.
  • They do not contradict each other.
  • They advance the information, providing new insights.

Linguistic Cohesion: Lexical and

... Continue reading "Understanding Text Properties: Cohesion and Coherence in Communication" »

Understanding Language: Speech, Grammar, Lexicon

Classified in Teaching & Education

Written on in English with a size of 3.38 KB

What is Speaking Properly?

It means using the word we want to say with its true meaning. Someone who commits an impropriety links a signifier to a signified that is not theirs.

Segmental and Non-Segmental Phonemes

Segmental phonemes are elements. Are there elements in this system that are not segmental? Cite those you know.

Within the phonological level, in addition to the segmental elements, are suprasegmental features or prosodemes: accent and intonation. Intonation is necessary to utter a complete sentence and is necessary to emphasize a word. It is therefore not said as with the segmental phonemes.

What is Speaking Correctly?

Speaking involves dominating the three levels of language:

  • Phonological level: Correctly pronounce all the sounds of the
... Continue reading "Understanding Language: Speech, Grammar, Lexicon" »

Branches of Linguistics: Theoretical and Applied

Classified in Teaching & Education

Written on in English with a size of 2.88 KB

Branches of Linguistics

General Versus Descriptive Linguistics

  1. General Linguistics: Supplies the concepts and categories in terms of which particular languages (L1, L2, L3, etc.) are analyzed.
  2. Descriptive Linguistics: Provides the data (i.e., given specific or broad aspects of L1, L2, L3, etc.) that confirm or refute the hypotheses, statements, or theories proposed by general linguists.

On the whole, General and Descriptive Linguistics are interdependent, complementary subfields within linguistics as a scientific study, i.e., as an empirical scientific study or discipline within the human (i.e., social) sciences.

Theoretical Versus Applied Linguistics

  1. Theoretical Linguistics

    Studies language and languages with a view to constructing a theory of their

... Continue reading "Branches of Linguistics: Theoretical and Applied" »

Essential Linguistic Concepts: Grammar, Bilingualism, Conflict

Classified in Teaching & Education

Written on in English with a size of 2.97 KB

Periphrasis of Obligation

Periphrasis of obligation refers to constructions that express necessity or duty.

Personal Obligation

To know the subject. For example, 'having + to + infinitive'. We've analyzed the components.

Impersonal Obligation

  • 'Having + to + infinitive': This problem must be analyzed.
  • 'Need + infinitive': A bicycle helmet must be worn.
  • 'Was necessary + infinitive': It is necessary to give blood.
  • 'Need to be + infinitive': No need to look under the microscope.

Adverbial Subordinate Clauses

Final Adverbial Subordinates (Purpose)

Conjunctions include: why, so that, in order that, for, in order to, so as to.

Causal Adverbial Subordinates

Conjunctions include: because, since, for, given that, as.

Consecutive Subordinates

Conjunctions include: so.

... Continue reading "Essential Linguistic Concepts: Grammar, Bilingualism, Conflict" »

Key Concepts in Textual Analysis and Poetic Expression

Classified in Teaching & Education

Written on in English with a size of 3.96 KB

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer: Poetic Themes and Rhyme Series

Bécquer's Poetic Work and Themes (1836-1870)

Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer (1836-1870): His brief but profound poetic work, particularly his Rimas, is thematically divided into four series:

  • Rhyme I-XI: Subject is poetry.
  • Rhyme XII-XXIX: Subject is love.
  • Rhyme XXX-LI: Subject is disillusionment.
  • Rhyme LII-LXXVI: Subject is pain and anguish.

Textual Cohesion and Coherence: Core Linguistic Concepts

Understanding Textual Coherence

A text is considered coherent when all its parts relate to the same subject. Coherence is achieved through the proper organization of information on a particular topic and is closely related to the text's overall meaning.

Mechanisms of Textual Cohesion

Cohesion refers to the dependency... Continue reading "Key Concepts in Textual Analysis and Poetic Expression" »