Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Teaching & Education

Robert F. Kennedy

Robert F. Kennedy was the younger brother of John F. Kennedy, who served as president from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. As Attorney General, Robert Kennedy was a strong supporter of the civil rights movement. In April 1968, while running his own campaign for president, he gave this eulogy on the evening of King's assassination. Just two months later, Robert Kennedy was himself killed by an assassin's bullet.

April 4, 1968

TEAM WORK

TEAM WORK: Can you imagine a school that works with a team work system? Well, I can. Today, in the school there is a new way of teaching where school goals are decided among all teachers. In this way students get better results.

Benefits of Cooperative Learning

First of all, I think is great idea replacing the old ways of teaching for cooperative work system. Cooperative learning is presented as one of the tools that starts and develops the transmission of these essential values for life in society.

Cooperative learning promotes coexistence from accepting differences, while remaining a powerful integration tool, understanding and inclusion, along with a methodology which seeks to ensure quality learning. In this method working with projects... Continue reading "Benefits of Cooperative Learning in Schools" »

Here......There, This......That, these.....Those, now.......Then, next week......The following Week, today.......That day, tonight.......That night, tomorrow.......The Following day, yesterday......The day before, last week.......The week before.

Vocabulary: PR involves building good relationships with all the stakeholders in an Organisation. The best PR strategies are based on effective relationship Marketing. In Asia there is a long tradition of this kind of approach to business, but it is important to develop transparency and integrity. This means Not only openness, but also accountability, which means taking responsibility For decisions. A further dimension to effective PR is a commitment to ethical Standards, which includes a continual... Continue reading "Is there juristification for any business to be excused and ethical responsibility" »

How Students Should Prepare and Deliver a Group Presentation

What Should Be Taken into Account Regarding Language in Academic Writing and Presentation/Layout?

• Impersonal, linking words, formal, terminology
• Grammar: passive, punctuation, prepositions, tenses, word forms, articles
• Presentation/layout: Font, size, spacing, cover page, page numbers
• Reference list on a separate page

What is Communication Apprehension and What Are Its Symptoms?

• Fear/anxiety of speaking in public: physiological reaction (‘thinking brain ‘off’; brain stem ‘on’; release of hormones, adrenalin; become more instinctive and less rational)
• Speech anxiety: fear before an event
• Stage fright: fear when in the communicative situation
• Symptoms: body temp. rises, sweating, butterflies

Paragraph

Is the subdivision of a written composition that consists of one or more sentences, deals with one point and begins on a new line. Elements: purpose, audience, clarity, unity and coherence. Techniques to achieve fluency: linkers, repetition, varying sentence length, punctuation and synonyms.

What to Avoid in Summaries?

No opinion, no pronouns, no adjectives, no exact figures, achieve neutral style.

Letters

Purpose: inform, complain, request, apologize, give opinion and apply-organization-intro: aim of letter/present the idea/dear sir, madam> yours faithfully//dear mr thomas> your sincerely-body: develop idea, give previous background and specific data-conclusion: sum up the info / point of view--style: friend: semiformal, to an editor... Continue reading "Effective Writing Techniques and Styles for Different Purposes" »

ARTICLE: artículo // A text or piece of writing

BROADSHEET: periódico serio// A large-format newspaper with usually serious content

CENSOR: censurar// official with the power to stop publication of certain articles

CHEQUEBOOK: talonario de cheques// the obtaining of exclusive rights to a story by payment of large sums of money

JOURNALIST: periodista // person who writes articles for a paper

CORRESPONDENT: corresponsal// 1 person who writes a letter to a paper 2 person who writes articles for a paper

CRITIC: crítico// a person who writes articles, especially stating opinion, about art, music…

CROPPED: recortado

CAPTION: subtítulo

DESK: sección// a department of a newspaper

EDIT: editar// to check, modify, and generally prepare written material... Continue reading "Newspaper Terminology and Structure" »

Marketing Innovation

Innovation in marketing is critical. Imaginative ideas on strategy exist in many places within a company.

Senior management should identify and encourage fresh ideas from three underrepresented groups: employees with youthful or diverse perspectives, employees far removed from company headquarters, and employees new to the industry. Each group can challenge company orthodoxy and stimulate new ideas.

Scenario analysis: Develop different ideas. “What will we do if it happens?”

Dimensions of Business Innovation

• Offerings (WHAT): Develop innovative new products or services.
• Platform: Use common components or building blocks to create derivative offerings.
• Solutions: Create integrated and customized offerings that solve end-to-

Traditional prescriptive grammar
Correct usage: the do¡¦s and don¡¦ts/ Dogmatic
Example: Use ¡¥must¡¦ for internal obligation, and ¡¥have to¡¦ for external obligation
It is often inaccurate and subjective, and tends to ignore actual usage
It ignores the fact that a living language is constantly on the move.
It usually follows a decontextualized, rote memorization, worksheet-driven approach void of real-life application.

More on traditional grammar
Emphasis on correctness
Based on the principles which rule Latin
Preeminence of written form over oral form
Difference between what people actually do with L and what the should do.
Objetive: to preserve proper language
Restricted mainly to SYNTAX

Structuralist applied

Branches of Linguistics

General Versus Descriptive Linguistics

1. General Linguistics: Supplies the concepts and categories in terms of which particular languages (L1, L2, L3, etc.) are analyzed.
2. Descriptive Linguistics: Provides the data (i.e., given specific or broad aspects of L1, L2, L3, etc.) that confirm or refute the hypotheses, statements, or theories proposed by general linguists.

On the whole, General and Descriptive Linguistics are interdependent, complementary subfields within linguistics as a scientific study, i.e., as an empirical scientific study or discipline within the human (i.e., social) sciences.

Theoretical Versus Applied Linguistics

1. Theoretical Linguistics

   Studies language and languages with a view to constructing a theory of their

Strategies and techniques of communication

The transmission of thoughts to someone else may be through multiple channels (verbal, written, gestures, drawing, etc.). Meetings, conferences (courses, training), and short messages are very clear to foster good communication. Consider the following recommendations:

1. Briefly explain the point to be addressed.
2. Avoid using some topics, and if used, keep it brief.
3. Be mindful of the public when talking.
4. Pay attention to body language.
5. Utilize short sentences and understandable vocabulary.
6. Use audiovisuals whenever possible.
7. Accept comments, avoid confrontations, and be as objective as possible.
8. Use anecdotes and examples to illustrate the topic.
9. Finish with a summary and brief explanation of the findings.

Communication