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English Grammar Guide: Conditional Sentences and Passive Voice

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ZERO CONDITIONAL

If + Present Simple + Present Simple

USE a general truth or fact

FIRST CONDITIONAL

If / Unless + Present Simple + will + base form of verb

USE an action that is likely to happen in the future. If the economy improves, unemployment will end.

SECOND CONDITIONAL

If / Unless + Past Simple + would + base form of verb

USE a hypothetical or imaginary situation in the present or future.

THIRD CONDITIONAL

If + Past Perfect Simple + would have + past participle

USE an impossible or unfulfilled situation in the past

Passive Voice

Present Simple: am / is / are + past participle

Millions of birds are killed by cats every year.

Past Simple: was / were + past participle

Dinosaurs were wiped out more than 65 million years ago.

Future Simple: will be + past

... Continue reading "English Grammar Guide: Conditional Sentences and Passive Voice" »

Teaching English to Very Young Learners: Tips and Techniques

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Should Teachers Worry if VYL Students Understand but Speak Little English?

No. If students are very young learners (VYLs), limited speaking is normal. It's a phase in language acquisition. Teachers can encourage speaking as students get older.

Why Are Top-Down Listening Skills Difficult for VYLs?

Top-down listening skills are harder to develop because VYLs typically learn English through a bottom-up approach (lexical recognition). They don't spontaneously use mental schemata and prediction skills due to limited experience and knowledge.

Features of Effective Teacher Talk with VYLs

  • Eliciting, recasting, repeating
  • Effective voice modulation: chunking, intonation, stress
  • Grading language appropriately
  • Engaging voice
  • Using supporting gestures, visuals,
... Continue reading "Teaching English to Very Young Learners: Tips and Techniques" »

Online vs. Traditional Courses: A Comparative Analysis

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Online Courses vs. Traditional Courses

Evolution of Educational Methods

Educational methods have evolved significantly, shifting from traditional face-to-face courses to online learning or a blend of both (Mason and Rennie 2). This shift is analogous to the transition from classrooms to the internet. Students now have the flexibility to choose their preferred learning method based on factors like cost, convenience, and weather conditions. While some students prefer a combination of online and traditional courses, both methods have their own advantages and disadvantages.

Cost Comparison

Online courses generally prove to be more affordable than traditional face-to-face courses. Online learners save money on expenses such as travel, accommodation,

... Continue reading "Online vs. Traditional Courses: A Comparative Analysis" »

Marketing Terms: Celebrity Endorsement & PR

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Marketing and Public Relations Terms

Celebrity Endorsement

Celebrity endorsement is the process where a famous person publicly uses, recommends, or is otherwise associated with a particular brand.

Demographic

A demographic is a part of a population that can be treated as a group for marketing purposes, defined by factors such as age or income.

Endorsement

An endorsement is a statement made by a famous or important person saying that they use and like a particular product.

Information Sheet

An information sheet is a piece of paper giving details about an item, usually a product.

Press Release

A press release is a written statement that gives information to be broadcast or published.

Press Kit

A press kit is a pre-packaged set of promotional materials distributed... Continue reading "Marketing Terms: Celebrity Endorsement & PR" »

Robert F. Kennedy and the Civil Rights Movement

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Robert F. Kennedy

Robert F. Kennedy was the younger brother of John F. Kennedy, who served as president from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. As Attorney General, Robert Kennedy was a strong supporter of the civil rights movement. In April 1968, while running his own campaign for president, he gave this eulogy on the evening of King's assassination. Just two months later, Robert Kennedy was himself killed by an assassin's bullet.


April 4, 1968

On April 4, 1968, hundreds of African Americans gathered for what they thought would be an exciting political event. Presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy was coming to speak to them. Before he was to deliver his speech, however, Kennedy was informed that Martin Luther King Jr. had been assassinated
... Continue reading "Robert F. Kennedy and the Civil Rights Movement" »

Restaurant Operations and Financial Management

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Strategic Organization

Management Department: Marketing Communication, Human Resources, Financial Department.

Operations: Manager, Lounge, Kitchen, and Purchases.

Operations Area Organization Chart Example

Operations: Food & Beverage Director > Chef de Cuisine > Sous Chef > Asst. Chef de Partie; Bakery and Cook.

Asst. F&B Manager; Restaurant & Bar Manager; Banquet Manager; Chief Steward. (These are the three main roles, each of which leads to lower-level positions.)

Self-Assessment of Capabilities

Autodiagnosis: Self-evaluate your skills in sales, languages, taking orders, wine service, coffee machine operation, carrying trays, table setting, etc.

People Management

Dirección de Personas: Planning, Selection, Integration, Training,... Continue reading "Restaurant Operations and Financial Management" »

Benefits of Cooperative Learning in Schools

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TEAM WORK

TEAM WORK: Can you imagine a school that works with a team work system? Well, I can. Today, in the school there is a new way of teaching where school goals are decided among all teachers. In this way students get better results.

Benefits of Cooperative Learning

First of all, I think is great idea replacing the old ways of teaching for cooperative work system. Cooperative learning is presented as one of the tools that starts and develops the transmission of these essential values for life in society.

Cooperative learning promotes coexistence from accepting differences, while remaining a powerful integration tool, understanding and inclusion, along with a methodology which seeks to ensure quality learning. In this method working with projects... Continue reading "Benefits of Cooperative Learning in Schools" »

Is there juristification for any business to be excused and ethical responsibility

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Here......There, This......That, these.....Those, now.......Then, next week......The following Week, today.......That day, tonight.......That night, tomorrow.......The Following day, yesterday......The day before, last week.......The week before.


Vocabulary: PR involves building good relationships with all the stakeholders in an Organisation. The best PR strategies are based on effective relationship Marketing. In Asia there is a long tradition of this kind of approach to business, but it is important to develop transparency and integrity. This means Not only openness, but also accountability, which means taking responsibility For decisions. A further dimension to effective PR is a commitment to ethical Standards, which includes a continual... Continue reading "Is there juristification for any business to be excused and ethical responsibility" »

Effective Group Presentations: Preparation, Delivery, and Group Dynamics

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How Students Should Prepare and Deliver a Group Presentation

What Should Be Taken into Account Regarding Language in Academic Writing and Presentation/Layout?

  • Impersonal, linking words, formal, terminology
  • Grammar: passive, punctuation, prepositions, tenses, word forms, articles
  • Presentation/layout: Font, size, spacing, cover page, page numbers
  • Reference list on a separate page

What is Communication Apprehension and What Are Its Symptoms?

  • Fear/anxiety of speaking in public: physiological reaction (‘thinking brain ‘off’; brain stem ‘on’; release of hormones, adrenalin; become more instinctive and less rational)
  • Speech anxiety: fear before an event
  • Stage fright: fear when in the communicative situation
  • Symptoms: body temp. rises, sweating, butterflies
... Continue reading "Effective Group Presentations: Preparation, Delivery, and Group Dynamics" »

Oracle Database Privilege Management SQL Queries

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This document provides a set of SQL queries designed to help database administrators understand and manage user, role, and object privileges within an Oracle database. These hierarchical queries leverage Oracle's data dictionary views to visualize complex privilege structures.

1. Querying User Roles and Privileges Hierarchy

This query displays the roles and system privileges granted to a specific user, including roles granted to other roles, forming a complete hierarchy. It helps in understanding the effective privileges of a user.

Query Purpose:

  • Trace all roles and system privileges inherited by a specified user.
  • Visualize the hierarchical structure of roles.

SQL Code:


select
  lpad(' ', 2*level) || granted_role "User, their Roles and Privileges"
... Continue reading "Oracle Database Privilege Management SQL Queries" »