Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Teaching & Education

UNIT 12. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN L1 AND L2 LEARNING

L1 → first language

L2 → second language

KEY CONCEPTS 

Essential Study Skills

Skills Highlighted by Dr. Wagner

• Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

• Collaboration and Influential Leadership

• Information Access and Analysis

• Effective Oral and Written Communication

• Agility and Adaptability

• Imagination and Curiosity

• Initiative and Entrepreneurialism

Understanding Arguments

Key Concepts

• Assumption:

  An unstated reason crucial to the conclusion's validity.

• Inconsistency:

  A contradiction within the reasoning.

Expertise and Sources

• Expertise:

  Experience, skills, and qualifications in a specific field.

• Primary Source:

  Original, unaltered source from the time of an event.

• Secondary Source:

  Uses or adapts information from primary sources.

Annotated Bibliography Criteria

• Citation
• Introduction and Source Type
• Aims and Research

Essential English Vocabulary

Leisure Activities & General Terms

• Ballet classes: clases de ballet
• Doing sport: fent esport
• Free time: temps lliure
• Go out: sortir
• Good at: bo en
• Graffiti artist: graffiter
• Learning to play: aprenent a tocar
• Play: jugar
• Spending time with my friends: passar temps amb els meus amics
• Spray paint: pintura en aerosol
• Chatting: xatejar
• Cooking: cuinar
• Doing crossword puzzles: fer encreuats
• Doing photography: fer fotos
• Drawing: dibuixar
• Hiking: senderisme
• Painting: pintar
• Playing cards: jugar cartes
• Playing chess: jugar escacs
• Playing ice hockey: jugar a hoquei sobre gel
• Playing table football: jugar a futbolí
• Surfing the Net: navegar per la xarxa
• Match: relacionar
• Point out: assenyalar
• Remove: treure
• Involved: implicats
• Doubt: dubte
• Catch:

Unit 15: Approaches to Language Teaching

What Is an Approach to Language Teaching?

Our view of language and how language learning takes place influences our teaching approach. For example, one view might consider language as a set of grammar rules, learned through study and translation. Another approach might emphasize communication, focusing on fluency through interactive activities.

Comparing Approaches

Synopsis

Sam Sylvester, a dedicated teacher at Hawkwood School, strives to instill ambition in his students and inspire them to achieve great things. He decides to train them for a sports competition against the affluent students of Greycoats. The great adventure begins here.

Key Vocabulary

• Team: A group of people who play a sport or game together against another group.
• Race: A competition to see who can run, ride, or drive the fastest.
• Course: The ground where a race is run.
• Competition: A game or sport that people try to win.
• Mare: A female horse.
• Recording: The process of storing sounds or images.
• Shed: A small building used for storage.
• Knackers: People who buy and sell old horses.
• Score: The number of points in a game or test.
• Slide: To move smoothly

Tercer rekorda:

Re: Third reminder letter regarding bill RefNOXX. Third payment reminder of invoice refno

Hereby I would like to remind you that as at today your arrent debt with us for the supply of our services/We are sorry to let you know that as at today we have not received any reply to any of our letters dated on 6^thPuesto k a dia de la fch no recib: Since as at today we have not received from you any of our two previous reminder letters. Nuestros 2rekord: Despite our two previous reminders of 2nd and 1st.Relativas al abono de la fact ref444 por un importe de: respectively about the payment of our invoice ref444 amounting to €44,4. Vencio ace mas de: it expired the past 15th januay / is now past due more than.. Deberia aver sido saldada:... Continue reading "Third Reminder Letter for Unpaid Invoice - Urgent Payment Request" »

Mastering English Vocabulary and Grammar

Common Verb Collocations

• Make: progress, money, suggestions, sense, a reaction, a choice, competition, an appointment
• Take: part, action, achievement, place, a rise, an effort, one’s time, responsibility, age
• Raise: a solution, issues, money, one’s voice, a question, an award, children, awareness, a price, doubt

Essential Idiomatic Expressions

• Move with the times: to adapt to current trends
• Have you on the edge of your seat: something that is very exciting or suspenseful
• His mind is made up: he has decided firmly
• Dead-end job: a job with no prospects for advancement
• Get your foot in the door: to get started in a new career or organization
• Make a living: to earn enough money to live
• Tricks of the trade: clever

Modal Verbs in English

Obligation:

• Must (deber, tener que)
• Have to (tener que)

Must is used for orders and strong obligations, while have to is often used in a more general sense.

Prohibition:

• Mustn't (no deber)
• Can't (no poder)

Mustn't is more commonly used.

Necessity:

• Need to (necesitar)

Permission:

• Can (poder)
• May (poder)
• Could (podría)

Can and could are used more informally, while may is more formal.

No Necessity:

• Needn't (no necesitar)
• Don't have to (no es necesario que...)

Recommendations, Advice, Opinions:

• Should (deberías)
• Ought to (deberías)

Negative recommendations: Shouldn't and Oughtn't

Ability:

• Can (present)
• Be able to (future)
• Could (past)

Understanding Advice, Nouns, and Suffixes

A piece of advice: un consejo
Advisable: aconsejable
Advise: aconsejar... Continue reading "Understanding Modal Verbs and English Grammar" »

UNIT 1 PRAGAMATICS

INTRODUCTION

• Deixis: Refers to words and phrases that cannot be fully understood without additional contextual information. Pointing via language.

“You’ll to bring this tomorrow because it is not here”

• Referenic. Act by which a speaker uses language to enable a listener to identify something.

• Inference: Additional information used by the listener to connect what is said to what must be MEANI

• Anaphora: Subsequent reference to an already introduced entity

“My brother came to see me. He was furious”

• Supposition: What a speaker assumes is true or known by what he hears

“Your qualified is waiting outside” → You heard a qualified

• Politeness: showing awareness of others' perform fave. Fave = public self-image

  • Fave-threatening