Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Teaching & Education

Structure of the CEFRL:

The CEFRL is divided into 9 chapters + 4 annexes.

What are the aims of the Portfolio?

• Encourage all citizens to learn foreign languages at any level and all along their lives.
• Improve language learning processes and develop self-assessment skills.
• Facilitate the exchange and movement of citizens in Europe.
• Facilitate a worldwide (and European) tool in order to recognize and measure any L2 level of expertise.
• Encourage and support communication among citizens from different nationalities (in Europe), learning of different cultures, customs, and traditions.

Levels of the Common European Framework:

• C2: Proficiency level
• C1: Advanced level
• B2: Upper Intermediate level
• B1: Pre-intermediate level
• A2: Elementary level
• A1: Beginner level

Name

Listening Comprehension Exercises

1. The Amazon Rainforest

• The speaker: The Amazon is one.
• It is difficult: There is too much.
• It is a good: He can help.
• You will be: Humid.
• The best clothes: Trousers and shirts with...
• You should wear: Protection against insects.
• In those jungles: Some...
• The best you: To get up.

2. Competition and Teamwork

• The IYR: Three times.
• Jenny won: One year.
• In the competition: Receives.
• All the teams: Follow no orders.
• To be chosen: National.
• Teamwork: Is as important.
• Two years ago: Didn’t have.
• Last year: Build the robot.

3. Consumer Sales and Markets

• Customers: Might...
• The items: Looked like...
• Melany: A doll and...
• In the UK: At weekends.
• In America these sales take place: Garages.
• Car-boot: Everyone.
• In America these sales are: Meet

Writing Exercise

John was a child in a Boston neighbourhood who had no friends at school. One year, at Christmas, his parents gave him a teddy bear. He made a wish on that special night, and the next day, his teddy bear came to life. Ted soon became famous and worked in many television programmes. Then, they grew up, and John found a girlfriend.

John was at a party with his girlfriend. He called his friend Ted, who had also come to the party, to play with Flash Gordon. John and Ted decided to go with Flash, and John's girlfriend got angry. Then, John got angry too and fought with Ted. Finally, Ted talked with John's girlfriend to ask her to give John another chance.

Vocabulary List

• Gorgeous: muy guapo
• Appearance: aspecto físico
• Unappealing: poco

Intrasentential Cohesion

Intrasentential cohesion involves the thematic structure (theme/topic, old information, subject) and information structure (rheme, comment, new information, predicate).

Topicalisation

A syntactic process used to promote cohesion by fronting an element in a clause, often an object, to maintain structure.

Focalisation

• Phonological: Marked tone units.
• Syntactic: Clefting (It + be + X + that clause) and Pseudoclefting (What clause + be + X).

Extrasentential Cohesion

Markers of cohesion include the following categories:

a) (Co)reference and Deixis

• Referential Deixis: The ability of language to point. It can be referential (pointing to a referent) and categorized as exophoric (context-dependent) or endophoric (referent within the text)

I am deeply concerned about the escalating issue of animal extinction. It is alarming that more and more species are facing this threat. Animals are among the most precious parts of our world, and we are tragically losing them. This situation demands our urgent attention.

Giraffes: Endangered by Deforestation & Poaching

The giraffe is one such animal in critical danger of extinction. A significant factor is the massive deforestation of its habitats by human activities. However, the primary cause remains illegal hunting. Hunters target giraffes because their meat is considered highly valuable and commands a high price. It's difficult to comprehend such actions; instead of harming animals, we must intensify efforts to protect them.

Elephants

What do the letters TPR stand for? Who invented TPR? How does the inventor see L1 and L2 learning? What are the characteristics?

Total physical response

By a professor of psychology, at San José State University, California. James Asher.

Asher sees first and second language learning as parallel processes.

Characteristics:

• TPR required initial attention to meaning rather than to form.
• Grammar is taught inductively.
• Directions are given by the teacher in the target language.
• A fix number of items are introduced at one time. According to Asher, It is possible for pupils to learn between 12-36 new items in one hour.
• Body movements are a powerful mediator for understanding organisation and storage or linguistic input.
• Although the imperative is the main

Carta para pedir información

Carta de confirmación

Carta de compra

Why do you want to work here?

I am incredibly excited about the opportunity to work at Nike because of the company's global impact, commitment to innovation, and emphasis on data-driven decision-making. As a passionate follower of both the sports industry and technology, I find Nike's combination of these two domains fascinating. The chance to contribute to Nike's success by leveraging my analytical skills and collaborating with cross-functional teams to drive impactful business strategies is truly amazing. Moreover, Nike's brand reputation, focus on sustainability, and commitment to empowering athletes resonate deeply with my personal values. I genuinely believe that working at Nike would provide a dynamic and inspiring environment to learn,

This topic examines the Roman invasion of Britain and its profound linguistic influence. It connects to several key areas of study:

• Topic 42: The Norman Conquest and French influence on English.
• Topic 43: Medieval literature, oral transmission, the Arthurian legend, and Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales.
• Topic 10: Features of word formation in English (prefixes, suffixes, and compounds).
• Topic 11: The word as a linguistic sign, homonymy, synonymy, antonymy, false friends, and lexical creativity.

Interdisciplinary Connections

The nature of this content allows for cross-curricular links:

• Spanish Language: Students analyze vocabulary associated with prefixation and suffixation, noting that Latin serves as a common root for both Spanish and English.

Special Events: Purpose and Goals

Special events encompass rituals, presentations, performances, and celebrations designed to commemorate specific occasions and achieve social, cultural, or corporate goals.

Government Perspective on Events

Governments utilize event strategies to guide their involvement, prioritize initiatives, and facilitate decision-making. They establish dedicated spaces for public events and often integrate these events with national anniversaries and celebrations. Key objectives include staff training, network development, and public communication.

Levels of Government Involvement

• National Government: Organizes major celebrations of national significance, international political and economic events (e.g., Commonwealth events)