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Translation Procedures

Overview

Translation procedures are the various methods and techniques employed by translators to effectively convey the meaning and intent of a source text (ST) into a target text (TT) while considering linguistic and cultural differences.

Common Translation Procedures

1. Transference

Transference, also known as borrowing, involves directly transferring words or expressions from the ST to the TT without modification. This is often used for proper nouns, technical terms, or cultural-specific concepts that lack direct equivalents in the target language.

2. Naturalization

Naturalization adapts the ST word or expression to conform to the grammatical and phonological rules of the target language. For example, the English word "computer"... Continue reading "Translation Procedures: A Comprehensive Guide" »

INTELIGENCIAS MÚLTIPLES:

1. Linguistic intelligence: the ability to use words effectively.
2. Logical/mathematical: the capacity to use number and reason effectively.
3. Visual-spatial: the capacity to recognize form, space, color, line…
4. Bodily/kinesthetic: the ability to use the body to express ideas and produce things.
5. Musical: the ability to recognize and perceive musical forms.
6. Interpersonal: to interact with the mascot, teacher or other students.
7. Intrapersonal: the ability of self-knowledge and self-understanding.
8. Naturalist: the ability to recognize and categorize plants, animals and other objects in nature.

COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING (CLT)

It began in Britain in the 1960s. Characteristics: Language is used for communication. Hymes defines communicative... Continue reading "Approaches to Language Teaching and Learning" »

Bilingualism: Acquiring Language Skills

Bilingualism is the ability and function of dual language acquisition. It is best acquired through consistent exposure in real-life scenarios where grammar can be internalized more easily.

Two Subcategories of Early Bilingualism

• Compound Bilingualism: The individual learns the languages in the same environment and context, and they are sometimes used interchangeably (bilingual parents).
• Coordinate Bilingualism: The child acquires the two languages in different contexts (home, school).

After the Critical Period Learning

If language acquisition does not occur until after this time, the individual will never achieve full command of the language.

Check Attendance in Your Classroom

• Give
• Take
• Wait
• Line up
• Make a circle

Unit

TOPIC 1: Language as Communication

1. Introduction (Krashen)

2. Language as Communication

2.1. Language Definition (Chomsky 57, Hall 64, Hockett 60)

2.2. The Communication Process (Jakobson 60)

2.3. Language as a Means of Communication (Widdowson 78)

3. Oral and Written Language (Halliday 89)

3.1. Development of Oral and Written Language (Skinner 57)

3.2. Development and Improvement of Oral Language

3.3. Development and Improvement of Written Language (Piaget)

3.4. Characteristics of Oral and Written Language (McLaren 95)

3.5. Pedagogical Implications

4. Factors Defining a Communicative Situation (Jakobson 60)

5. Functions of Language

6. Language as Communication in the Foreign Language Curriculum (RD126, Art7, Canale & Swain 80)

TOPIC 2: Communication

Principios Ágiles:

1. Nuestra máxima prioridad es satisfacer al cliente mediante la entrega temprana y continua de un producto valioso.
2. Aceptamos cambios en los requisitos, incluso en etapas tardías del desarrollo. Los procesos ágiles aprovechan el cambio en beneficio del cliente.
3. Entregamos software funcional con frecuencia, desde unas pocas semanas hasta unos pocos meses, dándole importancia a los plazos más cortos.
4. Los responsables de negocio y los desarrolladores deben trabajar juntos a diario a lo largo del proyecto.
5. Construimos proyectos en torno a individuos motivados. Les proporcionamos el entorno y el apoyo que necesitan, y confiamos en que harán el trabajo.
6. La forma más eficiente y efectiva de comunicar información dentro y fuera

Ultimate Life Skills Checklist

Creative Skills

• Bake cupcakes
• Design a website
• Do magic tricks
• Edit photos
• Perform on stage
• Play in a band
• Ride a unicycle
• Speak in public
• Write a song
• Learn a foreign language
• Write computer code
• Make a video blog (vlog)

Practical Skills

• Learn first aid
• Learn to juggle

Personal Development Skills

Descriptive Words

• Boiling
• Delighted
• Disgusting
• Exhausted
• Fascinating
• Freezing
• Furious
• Gorgeous
• Horrific
• Huge
• Starving
• Terrifying
• Tiny
• Unforgettable

Relationship Phrases

• Ask out
• Look after
• Bring up
• Fall out with
• Make up with
• Meet up with
• Settle down with
• Get on with
• Go out with
• Hang

I’ve already touched upon the personification of love as a baby, but let’s explore exactly why she’s chosen this disguise. First of all, there is the classic association between love and the winged baby, Cupid, who goes around firing his arrows and causing mischief by making people fall in love. That is certainly part of Wroth’s choice. However, there are other important connotations relating to babies that are essential to consider.

Our very nature teaches us to nurture the vulnerable; thus, the baby represents something that we care for and want to nurture. However, although we want to play the parental role, we acknowledge that it is a pretty thankless task – cleaning up all sorts of unmentionable stenches and bodily disasters.... Continue reading "Exploring the Complex Nature of Love in Wroth's Poetry" »

In my opinion, tree diagrams are useful for language teaching because they're a simple, clear, and uncomplicated way of representing a group of languages related through descent from a common ancestor. On a didactic level, tree diagrams are used to illustrate the analysis of surface structures and in grammar teaching. Tree diagrams can be useful and clear to illustrate the linguistic components. Chomsky is one of the most influential linguists of the 20^th century. He and all generativists perceive language as an innate ability. Humans are born with a set of rules in our head that generativists refer to as Universal Grammar. In addition, Chomsky's standards theory includes 4 main components: the base component which produces or generates basic

The CV

A CV is an opportunity to show an employer why you're an ideal candidate for the job. In this, you can show your relevant skills, experience, achievements, and potential.

Good CV

• All about me
• Need to convince
• Good impression
• Include your skills
• Stand out from the others
• Good grammar, spelling, etc.

Do

• Use a standard font size
• Include relevant and recent work experience
• Skills and achievements with evidence
• Keep it short
• Use positive action verbs
• Include career aspirations
• Be honest but positive
• Have someone check it

Don't

• Leave gaps in employment
• Lie
• Include irrelevant info

Bad CV

• Not in order
• Not good vocab
• Informal
• Not the best interests
• Not good experience

Possible Contents of a CV

• Personal details
• Personal career/profile
• Other headings, summary, achievements
• Education
• Work

Answer The following questions.

What Features of Mexico’s business culture is Joanna having difficulties dealing With?

She does not have a sufficient command od Spanish, so she Cannot answer questions about her country.

She is not used to having business breakfasts, and lunches Seem to go on too long.

She thinks that