Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

Using 'Wish' in English

• Present Wishes: Use 'wish' + Past Simple to talk about present situations you'd like to be different.
• Using 'Could' with 'Wish': Use 'wish' + 'could' to express desire for a different ability or possibility in the present.
• Past Regrets: Use 'wish' + Past Perfect (had + participle) to talk about things you regret from the past.
• Complaints/Annoyance (Present): Use 'wish' / 'if only' + subject + 'would' + infinitive (not 'I' or 'we') to complain about a present situation or someone's behaviour.
• Future Wishes: Use 'wish' / 'if only' + subject + 'would' + infinitive (often about changing someone's behavior or a future event).
• Expressing Regret: Use 'regret' + -ing form for past actions you wish you hadn't done.

It's Time & Would

Honesty, Deception & Beliefs

• Be economical: ser económico
• Bluntly: francamente
• Deny: negar
• Fake: falso
• Fall for sth: caer en (algo, un engaño)
• Gossip: chismes / cotillear
• Hoax: engaño / bulo
• Make up: maquillarse / inventar
• Own up: confesar
• Pigs might fly: Cuando las ranas críen pelo / Ni de coña (expresión idiomática de imposibilidad)
• Pretend: fingir
• Tell tales: contar cuentos / chismorrear
• Two-time: engañar (a la pareja)
• White lie: mentira piadosa
• Back up: reforzar / apoyar / hacer copia de seguridad
• Cover up: ocultar / encubrir
• Point out: señalar / indicar
• Tamper with: manipular / alterar
• Agnostic: agnóstico
• Atheist: ateo
• Be convinced: estar convencido
• Believe in: creer en
• Condemn: condenar
• Condone: condonar / aprobar / pasar por alto (algo malo)
• Disapprove:

English Vocabulary Essentials

Crime and Justice Vocabulary

• arrest: arresto
• break the law: romper la ley
• commit a crime: cometer un crimen
• get away with (something): salirse con la suya
• get carried away: dejarse llevar
• give a sentence: dictar una sentencia
• go to court: ir al juzgado
• go to prison: ir a prisión
• pay a fine: pagar una multa
• punish: castigar
• spend time in prison: pasar tiempo en prisión
• treat fairly: tratar justamente

Key Nouns in Crime and Justice

• criminal: criminal
• judge: juez
• offender: delincuente
• victim: víctima
• witness: testigo

Noun Suffixes

Learn how to form nouns from verbs and other words:

• Assist → assistance
• Contaminate → contamination
• Discover → discovery
• Disturb → disturbance
• Enquire → enquiry
• Establish → establishment
• Examine →

Essential Phrases for Essays

Argumento (Argument)

1st Paragraph:

• In the first place = En primer lugar
• First of all = Antes que nada
• To start with = Para empezar
• At first sight = A primera vista

2nd Paragraph:

• Secondly = En Segundo lugar
• In the second place = En segundo lugar

3rd Paragraph:

• Finally = Por ultimo
• Lastly = Por ultimo
• In conclusion = Para concluir

Opinión (Opinion)

• In my opinion = En mi opinión
• In my point of view = En mi opinión
• From my point of view = Desde mi punto de vista
• Personally = Personalmente
• As far as I'm concerned = Por lo que a mí respecta

Contraste (Contrast)

• However = Sin embargo
• Nevertheless = No obstante
• On the one hand...on the other hand = Por una parte…otra parte
• Although = Aunque
• In spite of = A pesar de

Expresar Hechos (Expressing

Unit 2: Negative Prefixes

• disapprove
• dishonesty
• disloyalty
• illegal
• illegible
• immature
• impolite
• maleducado
• impossible
• incompatible
• irrational
• irresponsible
• uncomfortable
• unusual

Extreme Adjectives

• amazed
• attractive
• brilliant
• clever
• delighted
• encantado
• devastated
• fascinated
• funny
• gorgeous
• precioso
• hideous
• horrible
• hilarius
• divertidisimo
• interested
• miserable
• pleased
• contento
• sad
• scared
• surprised
• terrified
• ugly
• upset
• alterado

Unit 3: Adventure

Verbs

• book
• reservar
• catch a plane
• explore
• go swimming
• go on an adventure
• go on holiday
• hire
• alquilar
• pack
• hacer la maleta
• spend a day
• sunbathe
• tomar el sol
• take a trip
• ir de viaje
• take a photograph

Nouns

• bugee jump
• puenting
• crevasse
• grieta
• desert
• summit
• cumbre
• sunburn
• suntan
• bronceado
• survival

Noun Suffixes

• ability
• ambition
• caution
• determination
• encouragement
• animo
• endurance
• resistencia
• enjoyment
• happiness
• imagination
• inspiration
• patience
• performance
• actuacion
• reality
• toughness
• resistencia
• violence
• weakness

Get,

Essential English-Spanish Vocabulary List

• ...are used - se usan
• ...is used - se usa
• A few hours ago - hace unas horas
• A long time ago - hace mucho tiempo
• A table for...# - una mesa para #
• A/an - un/una
• Above - sobre
• To accuse - acusar
• Administration - la administración
• Administrator - el administrador
• Afternoon - la tarde
• Algebra - el álgebra
• To allow/permit - permitir
• Almond - la almendra
• Already - ya
• An hour ago - hace una hora
• Andean - andino/a
• To announce - anunciar
• To answer - contestar
• To arrive - llegar
• Art - el arte
• To ask (a question) - preguntar
• To ask for/order - pedir
• Assistant - el asistente
• Astronomy - la astronomía
• At/to - a
• To attend - asistir a
• Avocado - el aguacate
• Backpack - la mochila
• Bacon - el tocino
• Bad - estar mal/ser malo
• Baked - al horno
• Band -

Key English Words for Comparison & Time

Here are some essential English words with their Spanish equivalents, focusing on comparisons and temporal expressions:

• Like: Como algo (similar a algo)
• Alike: Similar
• As: En el rol de (en el papel de)
• Exactly: Exactamente
• Just: Solo (únicamente)
• Identical: Idéntico
• Already: Ya (antes de ahora)
• Still: Todavía
• Just: Justo ahora o Acabo de (recientemente o en este momento)
• Since: Desde (inicio de un período)
• For: Desde (duración de un período)
• Yet: Aún (se coloca al final de la oración)

Mastering the Present Perfect Tense

The Present Perfect tense is used to describe actions that happened at an unspecified time before now, or actions that started in the past and continue to the present. Here's a breakdown:... Continue reading "English Grammar & Vocabulary: Core Concepts for Learners" »

Present simple

(+)s + v + s+comple.

Exam: You go to england

            He goes to  parís

(-)s + do/does +not+ v(forma base)+comp

Exam: You don´t to england

            He doesn´t to parís

(¿) Do/does +S+ v(normal)+complemento

exam:      Do you go to england?

                 Does he go to England?

 ( Se usa para acciones habituales ) adverbios : every day week,sometimes,usually,always,never,hardly ever,often,usually

exam: we often go to the beach

            we don´t often go to the Beach

             i visit my aunt every sunday

Present continuos

(+) s +be+ v+ ing + comple

 exam:   You are writing an Gmail

(-) s+ be + not + v + ing+ complemento

exam: you aren´t writing an Gmail

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Vocabulary

• Gangway: Pasarela, pasadizo
• Shad: Sábalo (type of fish)
• Pulled out: Retirado
• Rich: Rico
• Wreck: Ruina, naufragio, hundir
• Ran out: Salir corriendo
• Barge: Barcaza
• Vessels: Buque, vaso, barco, recipiente
• Sloops: Corbeta (type of ship)
• Clogged: Obstruir, atascar

A Day in the Country

Last August, we decided to drive into the country. There were a lot of cars on the road, so it took us a long time to find a quiet place. We got our food out of the car and sat down near a path at the foot of a hill. Soon afterwards, we heard bells ringing, and we had to run back to the car. About two hundred sheep were coming down the path.

Johnny First Pichula

The ships clogged the riverbank with everything from sloops to rafts to barges.

The captains had built large... Continue reading "Riverbank Stories: Vocabulary and Grammar Insights" »

Special Structures

Used to

~ Used to (solía): {used to + base form/ didn't/ did you used to…?} Cosas que hacía en el pasado, que ya no hace. Detrás del "used to" va un CD o un V.-ing. No se conjuga, se pone el verbo en forma base.

Would

~ Would: {would + base form} Verb en movimiento. Detrás del "would" va un infinitivo.

Be Used to (Estar acostumbrado)

~ Be used to: {(be) used to + object/ gerundio} Se conjuga el verbo "to be" y el "used to" queda igual. Detrás puede ir un CD o un V.-ing. Describe cosas a las que estamos acostumbrados.

Get Used to (Acostumbrarse a)

~ Get used to: {(get) used to + object/ gerundio} Se conjuga el "get" y el "used to" queda igual. Detrás puede ir un CD o un V.-ing. Describe algo en proceso de acostumbrarse. En... Continue reading "English Grammar Cheat Sheet" »