Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Spanish

Passive Voice

Present Simple

• Buy----is/are/am bought
• Is/are/am buying----is/are/am being bought

Past Simple

• Bought----was/were bought
• Was/Were buying ----was/were being bought

Present Perfect

• Have/has bought----Have/Has been bought
• Had bought----Had been bought

Future Simple

• Will buy----Will be bought
• Will be buying----will be being bought

Future Perfect

• Will have bought----Will have been bought

Going to Future

• Is/am/are going to buy----Is/am/are going to be bought

Conditional

• Would buy----Would be bought

Modal Verbs

• can/could/may/might/will/would/should/must/ought to/shall buy----Can... be bought
• Can... have bought----Can have been bought
• Have/Has to buy----Has/Have to be bought

Impersonal Passive

1. It+Passive verb+ That (sub sentence)
2. Subject+ Passive verb+ to (infinitive)

**Objectives of Oratory**

• Docere (to teach/logos)
• Delectare (to win over/ethos)
• Movere (to move/pathos)

**Invention**

Think about the context of the speech, research, and find examples.

**Disposition** (to order)

• Exordium (introduction): Captatio benevolentiae (ethos): capture interest
• Narratio (exposition of facts): basic information
• Partitio (exposition of points of agreement and disagreement): outline of the speech
• Confirmatio (exposition of arguments): body of the speech (logos)
• Reprehensio (refutation of other arguments)
• Conclusio: powerful ending

**Elocution**

Clear, simple, elegant. Three types of register:

• Simple (class)
• Medium (judgment)
• Elevated (meeting)

**Memory**

Memorize, use quotes, do not read.

**Action**

Voice, hand, body, clothing.

**Figures of

Sports and Success

English - Spanish

A - E

Astounding - asombroso

Award - prem

Balance - equilibrio

Championship - campeonato

Defeat - derrotar a

Drill - rutina de ejercicios

Eager - ansioso

F - J

Feat - hazaña

In good shape - en buena forma

Jump the gun - adelantarse a los acontecimientos

Keep fit - mantenerse en forma

L - P

Leap - saltar

Learn the ropes - aprender a hacer el trabajo

Move the goalpost - cambiar las reglas

On the ball - al tanto

Opponent - contrincante

R - U

Rank - clasificar

Reluctant - reacio

Role model - modelo a seguir

Runner up - subcampeon

Setback - revés

S - Z

Strike - pegar

Surpass - superar a

Take off - empezar a tener éxito

Teammate - compañero de equipo

Work one's way up - subir puestos

Work out - entrenar

Idioms and Expressions

A - E

Allowance... Continue reading "English-Spanish Vocabulary for Sports, Success, and Relationships" »

Introduction: hacer introducción general del tema, Ej: Some people claim/believe/say (algunas personas afirman/creen/dicen), It is sometimes said (a veces se dice) Arguments in favor: damos argumentos de lo que apoyemos (poner unos cuantos) Ej: Let me start by saying (déjame empezar diciendo), On the one hand (por un lado). Arguments against: si no es lo que defiendes poner pocos Ej: On the other hand...(por otra parte), Secondly (en segundo lugar) Conclusion: poner tu opinión Ej: In conclusión (en conclusion).EXPRESSIONS: However (sin embargo), still (todavia) though (aunque), that (que) while (mientras que) In fact (de hecho) actually (actualmente) owing to (debido a) bebidas (además). INTRODUCCIÓN: Las personas suelen estar acostumbradas

EN NINGÚN MOMENTO -- At no time

Verb Tenses

PASSIVE (3 columns): Delivers- is/are delivered. Delivered- were/was delivered. Will deliver- will be delivered. Is/are delivering-is/are being delivered. Was/were delivered-Was/were being delivered. Is going to deliver-is/are going to be delivered. Has/have delivered-have/has been delivered. Had delivered-had been delivered. Has to deliver-have to be delivered. Must deliver- must be delivered. +BY Y LA PERSONA +FOR TOMORROW (EL TIEMPO VA EL ULTIMO) Causatives: HAVE/GET +OBJECT+PAST PARTICIPLE (Sheila had her hair dyed or SUBJECT+HAVE+PERSON+INFINITIVE. REPORTED: Stays-stayed. Is staying- was staying. Stayed-had stayed. Was staying-had been staying. Has stayed-Had stayed. Has been staying-Had been staying. Had stayed- had stayed.... Continue reading "English Grammar Rules and Examples for Beginners" »

English Vocabulary Builder

Essential Words and Phrases

Verbs

Action Verbs

• Blow up: explode
• Wipe out: make everything disappear/eliminate
• Wrap up: envelop
• Carry out: llevar a cabo
• Collide with/Crash into: estrellar/chocar
• Pick up: recoger/ir a buscar
• Put off: postpone
• Take off: quitarse una prenda/despegar
• Call off: cancel
• Catch on: understand
• Work out: find out
• Try out: try

Phrasal Verbs

• Show someone the ropes: explain to someone how to do an activity
• Pull your weight: work as hard as other people
• Hire: contratar/alquilar
• Break down: romperse
• Deal with: tratar con
• Slack off: vaguear
• Share profits: compartir las ganancias
• Dare: atreverse
• Take for granted: no saber valorar
• Take sides: tomar partido
• Run wild: descontrolarse
• Run short of: quedarse sin
• Run an errand: hacer

EMPEZAR:

At first: At first; At first sight (vista); First at all; Firstly; To begin with (para empezar); Secondly, Thirdly; Initially (inicialmente)

OPINION:

As far as I am concerned: From my point of view; Talking from my experience; I agree/disagree; In my opinion/view; It is true that; To be honest; Personally; In fact; Actually; Most people; Nowadays = currently.

MAS INFO:

And eventually: Finalmente; Aparte from (aparte de); In addition/Moreover/besides = Ademas; Furthermore (asimismo); Another point is that (habría que añadir que); After that (después de eso); Meanwhile (mientras tanto); Next (luego); Doubtless (sin duda); That is (es decir)

CONCLUIR:

All in all: Resumiendo; In conclusion; Eventually (finalmente); Afterwards (más tarde);... Continue reading "Effective Spanish Email Writing Tips and Vocabulary" »

    Don't let me down

Crashing, hit a wall
Right now I need a miracle
Hurry up now, I need a miracle
Stranded, reaching out
I call your name but you're not around
I say your name but you're not around

I need you, I need you, I need you right now
Yeah, I need you right now
So don't let me, don't let me, don't let me down
I think I'm losing my mind now
It's in my head, darling I hope
That you'll be here when I need you the most
So don't let me, don't let me, don't let me down
Don't let me down

Don't let me down
Don't let me down, down, down
Don't let me down, don't let me down, down, down

Running out of time
I really thought you were on my side
But now there's nobody by my side

I need you, I need you, I need you right now
Yeah, I need you right now
So don't let... Continue reading "Don't Let Me Down" »

Reported Speech

Conditionals

Passive Voice