Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Spanish

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Mastering English: Vocabulary for Business, Entertainment

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Phrasal Verbs

  • Taken over: To take control of
  • Call for: To require
  • Getting at: To insinuate
  • Taking on: To assume
  • Logging on: To initiate a session
  • Picking up: To collect
  • Down with: To reject, disapproval
  • Bring along: To bring something with you
  • Told us off: To reprimand
  • Sign up: To register
  • Broken out: To have symptoms, to become ill
  • Coming: Imminent, about to arrive
  • Came on: To advance, to begin
  • Going out: To go out to dinner, out of fashion
  • Come down with: The onset of an illness
  • Signed up for: Registered, enrolled
  • Come on: To encourage someone to do something

Work and Business

  • The job market: The labor market
  • Management
  • Marketing
  • A market researcher: A market researcher
  • Market share: Market share
  • On the market: On the market
  • Qualifications: Qualifications
  • Stock market:
... Continue reading "Mastering English: Vocabulary for Business, Entertainment" »

English Grammar: Passive Voice, Causative Form, and Phrasal Verbs

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Passive Voice

Present Simple

  • Buy----is/are/am bought
  • Is/are/am buying----is/are/am being bought

Past Simple

  • Bought----was/were bought
  • Was/Were buying ----was/were being bought

Present Perfect

  • Have/has bought----Have/Has been bought
  • Had bought----Had been bought

Future Simple

  • Will buy----Will be bought
  • Will be buying----will be being bought

Future Perfect

  • Will have bought----Will have been bought

Going to Future

  • Is/am/are going to buy----Is/am/are going to be bought

Conditional

  • Would buy----Would be bought

Modal Verbs

  • can/could/may/might/will/would/should/must/ought to/shall buy----Can... be bought
  • Can... have bought----Can have been bought
  • Have/Has to buy----Has/Have to be bought

Impersonal Passive

  1. It+Passive verb+ That (sub sentence)
  2. Subject+ Passive verb+ to (infinitive)
... Continue reading "English Grammar: Passive Voice, Causative Form, and Phrasal Verbs" »

Mastering Public Speaking: Rhetoric and Speech Techniques

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**Objectives of Oratory**

  • Docere (to teach/logos)
  • Delectare (to win over/ethos)
  • Movere (to move/pathos)

**Invention**

Think about the context of the speech, research, and find examples.

**Disposition** (to order)

  • Exordium (introduction): Captatio benevolentiae (ethos): capture interest
  • Narratio (exposition of facts): basic information
  • Partitio (exposition of points of agreement and disagreement): outline of the speech
  • Confirmatio (exposition of arguments): body of the speech (logos)
  • Reprehensio (refutation of other arguments)
  • Conclusio: powerful ending

**Elocution**

Clear, simple, elegant. Three types of register:

  • Simple (class)
  • Medium (judgment)
  • Elevated (meeting)

**Memory**

Memorize, use quotes, do not read.

**Action**

Voice, hand, body, clothing.

**Figures of

... Continue reading "Mastering Public Speaking: Rhetoric and Speech Techniques" »

English-Spanish Vocabulary for Sports, Success, and Relationships

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Sports and Success

English - Spanish

A - E

Astounding - asombroso

Award - prem

Balance - equilibrio

Championship - campeonato

Defeat - derrotar a

Drill - rutina de ejercicios

Eager - ansioso

F - J

Feat - hazaña

In good shape - en buena forma

Jump the gun - adelantarse a los acontecimientos

Keep fit - mantenerse en forma

L - P

Leap - saltar

Learn the ropes - aprender a hacer el trabajo

Move the goalpost - cambiar las reglas

On the ball - al tanto

Opponent - contrincante

R - U

Rank - clasificar

Reluctant - reacio

Role model - modelo a seguir

Runner up - subcampeon

Setback - revés

S - Z

Strike - pegar

Surpass - superar a

Take off - empezar a tener éxito

Teammate - compañero de equipo

Work one's way up - subir puestos

Work out - entrenar

Idioms and Expressions

A - E

Allowance... Continue reading "English-Spanish Vocabulary for Sports, Success, and Relationships" »

Essential English Vocabulary for News, Law, and Verb Structures

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Crimes and Criminal Acts Vocabulary

  • blackmailcoercion by threat of revealing embarrassing information
  • briberyoffering money or gifts to influence someone
  • burglaryillegal entry into a building with intent to commit a crime
  • drug dealingselling or distributing illegal drugs
  • frauddeception for personal or financial gain
  • hackinggaining unauthorized access to computer systems
  • hijackingillegally seizing control of a vehicle, especially an aircraft
  • kidnappingabducting and holding someone captive
  • mugginga street robbery, often involving violence
  • murderthe unlawful premeditated killing of one human being by another
  • rapenon-consensual sexual penetration
  • robberytaking property from a person by force or threat
  • smuggling
... Continue reading "Essential English Vocabulary for News, Law, and Verb Structures" »

Essential Spanish-English Phrases for Purpose and Talent

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Unit 4: Purpose and Action Phrases

  • Claro sentido de la finalidad: A clear sense of purpose
  • Ser aconsejable: Be to your advantage to
  • Ser inútil para: Be useless at
  • Resultar útil: Come in useful
  • Con una finalidad: For a purpose
  • Hacer un buen uso de: Make good use of
  • Propósito de vida: Purpose in life
  • Ponerte en desventaja: Put you at a disadvantage
  • Entender el porqué: See the point of
  • No tener mucho sentido: Seem a bit pointless
  • Sacar el máximo partido: Take full advantage of
  • Llega un momento en la vida: There comes a point in life
  • Cubrir las espaldas: Cover your back
  • Hincar codos: Get your head down
  • Tener estómago para: Have the stomach for
  • Vigilar a: Keep an eye on
  • Fustigarse: Kick yourself
  • Abalanzarse: Leap in
  • Echar una mano: Lend a hand
  • Antes de correr
... Continue reading "Essential Spanish-English Phrases for Purpose and Talent" »

Dominando la Gramática Inglesa Esencial

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Dominando Verbos Frasales Esenciales

Los verbos frasales son combinaciones de un verbo y una preposición o adverbio, que juntos adquieren un significado diferente al de sus palabras individuales. Aquí tienes una lista de verbos frasales comunes con su significado en español:

  • Break up: Romper con alguien
  • Fall out: Caerse (o discutir con alguien)
  • Get on with: Llevarse bien con alguien
  • Get over: Recuperarse de un bache o superar algo
  • Get together: Reunirse
  • Make up: Maquillarse (o reconciliarse)
  • Stand up: Levantarse
  • Take after: Parecerse (mentalmente o en personalidad)
  • Dress up: Disfrazarse o vestirse elegantemente
  • Pay for: Pagar por algo
  • Put on: Ponerse (ropa, etc.)
  • Take off: Quitarse (ropa, etc.)
  • Try on: Probarse (ropa)
  • Break into: Entrar a la fuerza
  • Log
... Continue reading "Dominando la Gramática Inglesa Esencial" »

Understanding the Artistic Legacy of Carlos IV's Family

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UNIT 5 Extension

Vocabulario

Exercise: 2

1. Punctuality        4. Timing

2. Arrival        5. Promptness

3. Apologetic        6. Being

Exercise: 3

1. On time        6. Time is up        11. Deadline

2. Ages        7. Come up

3. Fed up        8. Call off

4. Gone off        9. Short notice

5. Sharp        10. In stages

Exercise: 4

1. Pull that off        4. Just right

2. Slip up sometimes

3. Due until tomorrow        5. Time of my life


Gramática

Exercise: 2

1. Should have brought        4. Must have rained

2. Had better not tell        5. Could/Help

3. Could have been        6. May not have seen

Exercise: 3

1. May have        4. Has not

2. Should        5.

... Continue reading "Understanding the Artistic Legacy of Carlos IV's Family" »

Crafting Story Adaptations

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Story Adaptation Techniques

Structure

  • 1. Introduction: Set the scene or context.
    • Generic phrases:
    • It was a [description] day, and I felt [emotion].
    • I had no idea what was about to happen.
    • The moment I stepped off the plane, I knew this was going to be a special journey.
  • 2. Development: Introduce the main problem or surprising situation.
    • Change the context and the details based on the topic.
    • Example: If the story is about an elephant from Africa that loses a tusk on a plane:
    • As the plane took off, [character] felt a strange sensation in his tusk.
  • 3. Conclusion: End with a resolution or reflection.
    • Generic phrases:
    • In the end, I realized [reflection].
    • That day taught me something I’ll never forget.
    • Now, looking back, I understand why it happened.

Example

Original:

... Continue reading "Crafting Story Adaptations" »

Verb to Be, Family, Clothes, and More in English

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Verb To Be: Present Simple

The verb "to be" is fundamental in English. Here's its present simple form:

Personal PronounVerb To Be (+)Short Form (+)Verb To Be (-)Short Form (-)Interrogative
IamI'mam not-Am I?
YouareYou'reare notAren'tAre you?
HeisHe'sis notIsn'tIs he?
SheisShe'sis notIsn'tIs she?
ItisIt'sis notIsn'tIs it?
WeareWe'reare notAren'tAre we?
YouareYou'reare notAren'tAre you?
TheyareThey'reare notAren'tAre they?

Adverbs of Frequency

These words describe how often something happens:

  • 0%: Never
  • 20%: Rarely
  • 50%: Sometimes
  • 70%: Often
  • 90%: Usually
  • 100%: Always

Family Members

Here are some common family words in English and Spanish:

  • Aunt - Tía
  • Brother - Hermano
  • Children - Niño (Note: "Children" is plural. The singular is "Child")
  • Cousin - Primo/a
  • Daughter - Hija
  • Father
... Continue reading "Verb to Be, Family, Clothes, and More in English" »