Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Secondary education

The Provisional Government (1868-1870)

After the deposition of Isabella II, the Progressive Party and the Liberal Union formed a Provisional Government (1868-1870).

Key Decisions

• Call elections to Constituent Cortes: these Cortes wrote the Constitution of 1869, a democratic Constitution, with a wide declaration of rights, universal male suffrage and a Parliamentary Monarchy.
• The peseta was declared the official currency.
• Search for a new king: the progressive General Prim was in charge of looking for a new king for the country. After several candidates, Amadeus of Savoy was chosen. He arrived in Spain at the end of 1870.

This democratic period allowed the arrival of propagandists of the International Workingmen’s Association, and the first anarchist... Continue reading "Spanish History: Provisional Government to Restoration" »

Isabella II reigned between 1843 and 1868. Her reign meant the consolidation of Spain as a liberal State. She always preferred the moderates to rule and she called them to government in 1844.

MODERATE DECADE (1844-1854)

The moderates ruled for a decade. The strong man of this period was General Narváez. In this period a liberal conservative and centralized State consolidated, with the support of the aristocracy, the Church and the conservative bourgeoisie.

A new Constitution was written in 1845: sovereignty was shared between the monarch and the people and the State identified with Catholic religion. All the State, except from the Basque Provinces and Navarre, was submitted to the same laws. Tax collection was improved, a Criminal Code was approved... Continue reading "Isabella II: Reign, Politics, and Downfall" »

In the feudal system, the king, the nobles, the clerics, and peasants all had different responsibilities and rights. Basically, the system consists of:

• Somebody gave protection/land to someone else.
• In exchange, the other had to fight or work for their protection.

The King

The king was the ruler of the country and owned all the land. However, he didn't have a big army and was weak. This is why he needed the noblemen and their armies.

The Noblemen

The noblemen were the vassals of the king. They promised obedience and loyalty to the king in the ceremony of homage. They provided knights and in return received a land (fief). In their lands, as lords, they acted as judges and collected taxes for themselves.

Knights

Knights were less important nobles, were... Continue reading "Feudal System: Roles and Responsibilities of King, Nobles, and Peasants" »

Week 8: Discourse Analysis and Qualitative Reporting

Discourse Analysis

Discourse analysis is an umbrella term that borrows from all the other methods of analysis presented before.

It is useful when the research uses texts that are reproducing the social order. Critically question what this social order consists of and who benefits from it (injustice or problems). Keep an eye out for what is not included in the text.

Discourse: A particular way of thinking about a topic.

How to do Discourse Analysis:

Close reading and analysis of the text:

• Semantic layer (the meaning of words, phrases, etc., but also the use of figures of speech such as metaphors or personifications).
• Syntactic layer (structure of sentences and phrases) / argumentative layer (arguments

Independence of United States:

Between 1756 and 1763, England and France fought the Seven Years War. England won, leading to measures affecting the 13 colonies:

• It prohibited the advance of the French towards conquered lands.
• It reimplemented the commercial monopoly.

Towards an Independence State:

The British measures outraged the colonists, leading to boycotts and street disturbances. In 1774, the Continental Congress of Philadelphia met, followed by a second Congress in 1775, which decreed popular mobilization. On July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was passed.

French Revolution:

Clergy: The state was divided into high and low clergy. The high clergy were mostly nobles, while the lower clergy came from common sectors. Nobility: Nobles... Continue reading "Struggle for Independence in United States, French Revolution, and Latin America" »

5th Slide: Hendrik Verwoerd , who became prime minister in 1958, would refine apartheid policy further into a system he referred to as ``separate development´´. Separating black South Africans from each other enabled the government to claim there was no black majority. 

A system that supposedly gave them full political rights, but effectively removed them from the nation´s political body. 

6th Slide: Resistance to apartheid within South Africa took many forms over the years. Violent demonstrations, protests and strikes to political action and eventually to armed resistance. The South Indian National Congress, the ANC organized a mass meeting in 1952, during which attendees burned their pass books. Congress of the people adopted a Freedom

The characters are Mr. Sherlock Holmes, Dr. Mortimer, and Dr. John Watson. They talk about the Baskerville Papers.

Dr. Mortimer's Revelation

Dr. Mortimer took out a scroll and read it. It was about a legend about the curse of the Baskerville. Later, he took out the newspaper where it was covered the death of Sir Charles Baskerville, the owner of the mansion, and said that he had died for a cause of love.

Investigation Begins

Mortimer tells Holmes and Watson that Mr. Charles stayed in part of a while, since there were cigarettes. Holmes asks him what he needed from his service, which was to ask what to do with Sir Henry, who was the heir of Mr. Charles. Sherlock thinks to do for 24 hours and tells his assistant, Watson, that Mr. Charles was running... Continue reading "The Hound of the Baskervilles Summary and Analysis" »

Import Quota Effects

3) An import quota will increase producer surplus, decrease consumer surplus, have no effect on government revenue, and have an ambiguous effect on overall domestic national welfare.

C) increase; decrease; have no effect on; have an ambiguous effect on

Voluntary Export Restraint Effects

4) A voluntary export restraint will increase producer surplus, decrease consumer surplus, have no effect on government revenue, and decrease overall domestic national welfare.

D) increase; decrease; have no effect on; decrease

Export Tariff Effects with Imperfect Competition

1) If an import-competing firm is imperfectly competitive, then under free trade an export tariff will increase domestic market price, have no effect on producer surplus,

CHAPTER 3

16) If the world terms of trade for a country are somewhere between the domestic cost ratio of H and that of F, then

B) country H and country F will both gain from trade.

17) If the world terms of trade equal those of country F, then

A) country H but not country F will gain from trade

18) If the world terms of trade equal those of country H, then

E) country F but not country H will gain from trade

CHAPTER 4

37) In the specific factors model, a 5% increase in the price of food accompanied by a 10% increase in the price of cloth will cause ________ in the welfare of labor, ________ in the welfare of the fixed factor in the production of food, and ________ in the welfare of the fixed factor in the production of cloth.
A) an ambiguous change;... Continue reading "International Trade and Specific Factors Model" »

Chapter 15

Which one of the following statements is the MOST accurate?

D) A rise in the average value of transactions carried out by a household or a firm causes its demand for real money to rise.

If there is initially an

B) excess supply of money, the interest rate will fall, and if there is initially an excess demand, it will rise.

Which one of the following statements is the MOST accurate?

D) An increase in the money supply lowers the interest rate while a fall in the money supply raises the interest rate, given the price level and output.

An increase in

E) real output raises the interest rate while a fall in real output lowers the interest rate, given the price level and the money supply.

The aggregate real money demand schedule L(R,Y)

D) slopes... Continue reading "Effects of Money Supply on Interest Rates and Currency Values" »