Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Secondary education

Robespierre and the Reign of Terror

Believing that the revolution was in danger, the radical revolutionaries, or Jacobins, used this support to increase their powers. The Jacobin leader, Maximilien Robespierre, assumed all powers and established a dictatorship. The danger of foreign invasion and the internal threat from French opponents of the revolution led to the Reign of Terror (1793-1794), a ten-month period of violent repression. A special tribunal, the Committee of Public Safety, was established by Georges Danton and Robespierre. They tried people who were suspected of opposing the Republic, even without proof, sentencing them to death by the guillotine, a famous symbol of the French Revolution. Around 50,000 people were executed. Robespierre... Continue reading "French Revolution: Robespierre, Napoleon, and the Rise of Nationalism" »

archaea, extremophiles, cyanobacteria, bacteria.

FRANKS: after the fall of  W.R.E (476) the franks assumed the power in north gaul. The first frankish king was clovis, an impressive military commander from the merovingian dynasty.

507: Clovis expelled the visigoths from southern gaul b. Of vouille who moved south of the pyrenees. 

THe merovingian left government affairs in the hands of the mayors of the palace ; who became the real power.

732: the mayor of the palace charles mantel (Charlemagne´s grandfather) defeated the muslims at the battle of poitiersforcing them to retreat to the iberian peninsula. This victory reinforced the power of the mayors of the palace (who were ancestors of Charlemagne).

751: Charles 

The Age of Revolution

• 1776-1871
• The American Revolution
• Thirteen British colonies in Eastern North America
• Economy based on agriculture and trade
• Black slaves worked in agriculture
• Britain had the monopoly of trade
• Political tensions: Settlers payed taxes but did not have political representation. Rejection to buy British products. Boston Tea Party: attack against a ship with tea [ outbreak of the Revolutionary War
• The conflict brought political changes: Jefferson wrote the Virginia declaration of Rights. 1776 Declaration of Independence
• The American Revolutionary War: Colonies were supported by France and Spain. Washington victories Britain recognised independence. Treaty of Versailles 1783. 1787 United States Constitution. 1789 Washington first American

Market Structures

Perfect Competition: many buyers & sellers of a standard product & easy entrance & exit (ex: oranges)

Monopolistic Competition: many buyers & sellers of slightly differentiated products & easy entrance & exit (fast food)

Oligopoly: few businesses and entry to industry is restricted (cars & cellphones)

Monopoly: one business supplies a product w/ no close substitutes (debeers diamonds)

Key Concepts

Entry Barriers: increasing returns to scale, market experience, restricted ownership of resources, legal obstacles, market abuses, advertising

Market Power: a business's ability to affect the price of the product it sells

Revenue

Average Revenue: the extra total revenue earned from an additional unit of output... Continue reading "Understanding Market Structures and Competition" »

Sound is the sensation we experience when sound waves reach our ears. Noise is usually defined as something that sounds bad. The difference between sound and noise is that the wave of a sound is regular and the wave of a noise is irregular. The apparatus used to measure noise is called a sound level meter. The level of noise is measured in decibels (dB). Silence is the absence of sound or noise. Pitch is the quality of sound which makes a distinction between low and high sounds. Duration is the quality which differentiates between long and short sounds. The dynamic intensity is the quality that distinguishes between loud and soft sounds. Timbre is the quality of sound which indicates who or what is producing it. We often use the word soundtrack... Continue reading "Understanding Sound: The Difference Between Sound and Noise" »

Introduction

The Rapa Nui are the indigenous Polynesian habitants of Easter Island in the Pacific Ocean. The easternmost Polynesian culture, the descendants of Easter Island's original peoples make up about 60% of Easter Island's current population & a significant part of its population resides on Chile's mainland. They speak both the traditional Rapa Nui language & Chile's primary language, Spanish.

History

Rapa Nui R believed 2 have settled Easter Island between 300 & 1200 CE. Previously, the date of arrival was estimated 2 be around 700–800 CE, but more-recent evidence demostrate other date. Jacob Roggeveen was the 1st European 2 record contact with the Rapa Nui. Roggeveen allready set sail either in search of Juan Fernandez Islands... Continue reading "Discovering the Rapa Nui: History, Culture, and Moais" »

Is Tidal Energy Renewable or Non-Renewable?

Tidal energy is renewable because it uses tides as its supplier. In other words, the source of energy can be easily restored after use. Also, it produces energy at a higher rate than it is consumed, considering that energy is constantly being produced with the movement of the tide.

Tidal Energy Process

The process begins by placing a turbine on a coastal line with high tidal movement. These turbines are made to use the kinetic energy from the tides in order to produce electricity. Attached to the generator is a rod which then attaches to the rotor. When the turbine uses the kinetic energy by turning due to the tides, the rotor filled with magnets turns and generates electrical energy.

Economic Advantage

It'... Continue reading "Tidal Energy: Renewable and Sustainable" »