Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Secondary education

Hook

Hook: From the towering spires of Manhattan to the vibrant streets of Brooklyn, New York City embodies the energy and diversity of the world itself.

Context

Context: New York City has been the country's largest city since 1970. The center of the New York metropolitan area is one of the most populous agglomerations in the world. It is located on the eastern Atlantic coast of the country.

Definition: Global City Meaning

Def: One of the main global cities, which signifies that it is a city that serves as a primary node in the global economic network with: large population, multinational companies, globalized financial sectors, international transportation, high-quality research systems, and a world cultural output.

Documents

Docs: We have two documents... Continue reading "New York City: Global Economy, Finance, Transport & Culture" »

Frog Embryology: Developmental Stages

Frogs reproduce through external fertilization, where the female lays eggs in water, and the male releases sperm over them. Fertilization occurs in the animal hemisphere of the egg. This process forms a diploid zygote. The point of sperm entry determines the gray crescent, which helps in the later development of the body axis.

1. Cleavage: Early Cell Division

The zygote undergoes holoblastic, unequal, and radial cleavage. The first two cleavages are vertical, forming four equal blastomeres. The third cleavage is horizontal but displaced towards the animal pole, resulting in smaller cells (micromeres) in the animal pole and larger cells (macromeres) in the vegetal pole. These divisions continue to form a morula,... Continue reading "Key Biological Systems & Mechanisms Explained" »

Physiology Assessment Solutions

Blood Composition and Function

• 1. e. A and C: Lungs and Intestines bring in oxygen and nutrients into the blood.
• 2. d. 92%
• 3. a. Fibrinogen
• 4. c. The heme group
• 5. a. One
• 6. d. Leukocytes: Leukocytes (white blood cells) are not dissolved in plasma; they are cells that circulate or reside in tissues.
• 7. d. Erythropoietin: The hormone that stimulates red blood cell production is erythropoietin.
• 8. a. 250,000,000: Each red blood cell contains approximately 250 million hemoglobin molecules.

Hemostasis and Clotting

• 9. b. Fibrinogen: Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin to form blood clots.
• 10. c. Tissue factor: Tissue factor, exposed upon damage, activates plasma proteins in the clotting cascade.
• 11. d. Plasmin: Plasmin dissolves

Convolutional Neural Networks: Concepts & Applications

A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a deep learning algorithm primarily used for image-related tasks. It automatically and adaptively learns spatial hierarchies of features from input images, making it highly effective for visual data processing.

Key Components of a CNN

• Convolutional Layer: Applies filters to extract features such as edges, textures, and patterns.
• Activation Function (ReLU): Introduces non-linearity into the model, allowing it to learn complex relationships.
• Pooling Layer: Reduces the spatial dimensions (width and height) of the feature maps, retaining essential information and reducing computational load.
• Fully Connected Layer: Makes final predictions based on the high-

Here is a complete and concise answer sheet for your Digital Electronics CIE-1 preparation based on your questions:

1. Design Half and Full Subtractor with Truth Table

Half Subtractor

• Inputs: A, B
• Outputs: Difference (D), Borrow (Bo)
• Logic Equations:
  • Difference (D) = A ⊕ B
  • Borrow (Bo) = A' · B

Full Subtractor

• Inputs: A, B, B_in (Borrow In)
• Outputs: Difference (D), Borrow Out (B_o)
• Logic Equations:
  • D = A ⊕ B ⊕ B_in
  • B_o = B · B_in + B · A' + A' · B_in

2. Working of Adder and Subtractor

Adder Circuits

• Half Adder: Adds two bits A and B.
  • Sum = A ⊕ B, Carry = A · B
• Full Adder: Adds three bits A, B, and C_in.
  • Sum = A ⊕ B ⊕ C_in, C_out = AB + AC_in + BC_in

Subtractor Circuits

• Half Subtractor: Subtracts B from A.
  • Difference = A ⊕ B, Borrow = A' · B
• Full Subtractor:

Hello, I'm Jaime, a Product Designer.

Today, I want to share my portfolio with you, showcasing a range of projects that blend innovation with purpose.

My Creative Inspirations

My design philosophy is deeply influenced by artists who push boundaries. For instance, what I admire about the Campana Brothers is their ability to blend tradition with innovation. Their creative use of materials makes their work truly unique and impressive.

First Project: Accessibility Focus

Accessible Mobility Aid: The Ergonomic Walker

Accessibility is a cornerstone of thoughtful design. This walker was specifically created to assist elderly people with walking and resting. It features an integrated seat for comfort when tired, and its lightweight yet safe construction ensures... Continue reading "Jaime's Product Design Portfolio: Innovation, Sustainability & Impact" »

The 9/11 Attacks and the Ensuing War on Terror

On the morning of September 11, 2001, the world experienced a profound shift. Terrorists hijacked four airplanes, resulting in the deaths of nearly 3,000 people. This catastrophic event was a deeply shocking moment for the United States and the international community.

The "War on Terror" refers to the comprehensive military and political responses initiated by the United States following the 9/11 attacks. This global campaign commenced with the war in Afghanistan and later expanded to include the war in Iraq, alongside numerous other operations aimed at combating terrorism worldwide. Understanding this period is crucial for comprehending the significant transformations in U.S. foreign policy and... Continue reading "9/11's Enduring Impact: U.S. Policy and the War on Terror" »

1. What is E-commerce? Security Threats Associated with E-commerce

E-commerce refers to the buying and selling of goods or services using the internet and the transfer of money and data to execute these transactions.

Security Threats in E-commerce

• Phishing: Fake emails or websites trick users into revealing sensitive information.
• Credit Card Fraud: Unauthorized access to card data during transactions.
• Data Breaches: Hackers access customer data, affecting privacy and trust.
• Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks: Intercepting communication between two parties to steal information.
• Malware Attacks: Software designed to harm or exploit systems (e.g., spyware, ransomware).
• Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks: Cripples online stores by overwhelming servers.

Preventive

Chemical Reactions and Equations

1. Chemical Reaction Definition

The process in which a substance undergoes change to produce new substances with new properties is known as chemical reaction, e.g., magnesium carbonate when heated produces magnesium oxide and carbon dioxide (i.e., new substances with new properties).

A chemical change is generally accompanied by a change of state, change of colour, evolution of a gas, or change of temperature, etc.

2. Chemical Equation Definition

The qualitative representation of a chemical reaction in a shorthand or concise form, in terms of symbols and formulae, is called a chemical equation.

3. Skeletal Chemical Equation

A chemical equation written in the form of symbols and formulae is called a skeletal chemical

Historical Source Evaluation

Understanding Historical Source Evaluation

Timeline of Key Events (American & French Revolutions)

• American War of Independence: 1775 - 1783 (French involvement)
• Assembly of Notables: 22 Feb - 25 May 1787
• Lit De Justice: 6 Aug 1787, 8 May 1788
• Day of Tiles: 10 June 1788
• Harvest Crisis: 1788
• Pamphlet War: 1788-1789
• Cahiers De Doléances: 1789 (List of grievances)
• Rural Revolt: March 1789
• Réveillon Riots: 27-28 April 1789
• Estates-General: May 1789
• Declaration of the National Assembly: 17 June 1789
• Tennis Court Oath: 20 June 1789
• Royal Session: 23 June 1789
• Necker’s Dismissal: 11 July 1789
• Fall of the Bastille: 14 July 1789
• Municipal Revolutions: 13-17 July 1789
• The Great Fear: 20 July - 6 Aug 1789
• Night of 4 August: Abolition of