Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

TEMA 1

1.4. Subjects of Strategic analysis: Model of the five Competitive Forces (M. Porter). S.W.O.T.: System to diagnose company’s internal and external competitive position when setting strategic objectives weaknesses threats strengths and opportunities. 1.8. Strategic Planning: Is the process of setting long term objectives, analyzing internal strengths and weaknesses and compromising needed resources to prevent threats and profit from opportunities

People M&D Leadership Investors, leaders and associates Global Economy Collaborate 1990-Actual Human Capital Management Owners, managers, trade unions and collaborators International Economy Compete 1960-1990’s Human Resources Owners, HR dpt, trade unions and employees Economic Recovery

Performance Evaluation

1. The Concept of Performance Evaluation

Performance evaluation is a structured and systematic process used to measure, evaluate, and influence an employee's job-related attributes, behaviors, and results. It aims to discover how productive an employee is and whether they can improve in the future. While all companies want to increase their employees' productivity, only a few are checking the improvement in performance through evaluation. In general, employees work at only 60-70% of their capacity.

Performance evaluation gathers five key aspects:

• Job Analysis:
  • Output quantity
  • Output quality
  • Behavior developed (service level, customer attention, etc.)
  • Job-related attributes (loyalty, honesty, cooperation, etc.)

  The chosen evaluation

Compensation is considered a most important factor in workers' decisions to change companies.

1. Compensation Concepts and Components

Compensation is often the most direct motivational factor, encompassing:

1.1. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Motivations (1943)

• Salary
• Social Benefits
• Status
• Recognition
• Promotion

1.2. McClelland's Theory of Three Employee Needs (1962)

• Achievement
• Affiliation
• Power

1.3. Herzberg's Dual-Factor Theory (1968)

• Hygiene Factors: (neutral or demotivating)
• Motivating Factors: (motivational)

1.4. Motivation Factors (Juan A. Pérez López, 1993)

• Salary
• Social Benefits
• Status
• Recognition
• Promotion
• Service

Other Compensation Elements:

• Vacation Days
• Company Expenses
• Health Coverage
• Company Pension Fund
• Company Car
• Flexible Timetable

2. Determining Factors

Ecological Concepts

Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation

Biomagnification is the process in which chemical substances become more concentrated at each trophic level. This occurs because organisms at higher trophic levels must consume more biomass to meet their requirements.

Bioaccumulation refers to the build-up of a chemical substance in the tissues of a single organism.

Indicator Species and Biotic Index

Indicator species are sensitive to specific environmental conditions and consequently have a limited range of tolerance.

A high biotic index indicates the presence of many pollution-sensitive organisms, denoting an unpolluted environment.

A low biotic index indicates a polluted environment, due to a relative abundance of pollution-tolerant organisms.... Continue reading "Ecological Concepts: Biomagnification, Biodiversity, and Population Dynamics" »

Corporate External Growth Strategies

Economic Conditions

Labor shortages

Lack of market growth

Vertical Growth

Achieved by taking over a function previously provided by a supplier or distributor.

Horizontal Integration

The degree to which a firm operates in multiple geographic locations at the same point in an industry’s value chain.

Vertical Integration

The degree to which a firm operates vertically in multiple locations on an industry’s value chain, from extracting raw materials to manufacturing to retailing.

Forward Integration

Assuming a function previously provided by a distributor.

Backward Integration

Assuming a function previously provided by a supplier.

Horizontal Growth

Expansion of operations into other geographic locations and/or increasing... Continue reading "Corporate Growth & Stability Strategies" »

1. Product Pricing and Discount Calculation

Handling Quantity Change (c1_Change)

Private Sub c1_Change()
    cantidad = c1
End Sub

Calculating Total Price and Discounts (calcular_Click)

This procedure calculates the total price based on the selected product and quantity, applies conditional discounts, and determines the final amount payable, including VAT (19%).

Private Sub calcular_Click()
    Dim total As Double
    Dim dcto As Double
    
    ' Calculate base total based on product price
    If producto = "Arroz" Then
        total = 890 * cantidad
    End If
    
    If producto = "Fideos" Then
        total = 580 * cantidad
    End If
    
    If producto = "Torta Piña" Then
        total = 2690 * cantidad
    End If
    
    ' Apply conditional

Hydroelectric Energy: How It Works

Hydroelectric energy is produced by the force of falling water. The capacity to produce this energy is dependent on both the available flow and the height from which the water falls. As water accumulates, it builds up potential energy, which is then converted into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy drives the turbine, and the generator subsequently produces electricity.

Dams: Structure and Function

A dam is constructed to create a reservoir, storing water during periods of high flow in the river. There are two main types of dams:

• Gravity Dams: These are made from concrete or masonry. They rely on the weight of their material to resist the force of the water. Gravity dams are suited to sites with either

• Westminster Model: parliamentary sovereignty and supremacy of UK. Makes parliament the supreme legal authority, which can create or end any law
  • Fusion of powers: executive/legislative branches together; PM is head
• Backbenchers: rank and file MP’s of the majority party not part of the gov. or the opposition; sit in rows of benches behind their party’s spokesperson
• Shadow Cabinet: opposition; sits across the majority party; designated replacement
• Margaret Thatcher (1979-1990): conservative, moving away from corporatist interest groups and from welfare, wanted privatization/Thatcherism/Neoliberalism
  • Bully authoritarianism/austerity; no to labor unions, created social divides
  • Took Keynesianism to monetarism (many permanent changes)
• Whips: MP of the

Eyes

Orbital Hematoma (Black Eye)

An orbital hematoma, commonly known as a black eye, results from a blow to the area surrounding the eye, which causes capillary bleeding.

Signs & Symptoms:

• Noticeable swelling and discoloration around the orbit.

Orbital Fracture

An orbital fracture is caused by a direct blow to the eyeball, forcing it posteriorly. This action compresses the orbital fat until a blowout rupture occurs to the floor of the orbit.

Signs & Symptoms:

• Diplopia (double vision)
• Restricted eye movement
• Downward displacement of the eye

Hyphema

A hyphema is a collection of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye, typically resulting from blunt trauma to the eye. This is a major eye injury that can lead to serious problems.

Signs & Symptoms:

Understanding Cannabis: Basics and Composition

Cannabis, also known as marijuana among other names,^{[n 1]} is a psychoactive drug derived from the Cannabis plant, primarily intended for medical or recreational use.^[16][17][18] The main psychoactive component of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), one of 483 known compounds in the plant,^[19] including at least 65 other cannabinoids.^[20]

Methods of Cannabis Consumption

• Smoking
• Vaporizing
• Ingestion (within food)
• As an extract

Effects and Side Effects of Cannabis Use

Cannabis is often used for its mental and physical effects, which include:

• A "high" or "stoned" feeling
• A general change in perception
• Euphoria (heightened mood)
• An increase in appetite

^[21][22]

Onset and Duration of Effects

The onset of effects... Continue reading "Cannabis Explained: Effects, Uses, and Global Status" »