Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

Tropical Rainforests

These places receive a large amount of rain. In the rainforest, many plants can easily have their needs met. These places have more species than all other biomes. In any environment, some organisms survive well, while others do not. Organisms have structures that help them survive in their ecosystem.

Deciduous Forests

A deciduous forest may grow in cooler places that do not receive a huge amount of rain. These forests have trees such as oaks, elms, and maples. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the colder autumn and winter months. Losing leaves helps trees save food and water during the winter.

Grassland Biomes

Grasslands once covered a huge area of the Midwest America. Now, most of these grasslands have been turned into farms.... Continue reading "Earth's Major Biomes: Climate, Flora, and Fauna" »

Muscle Spindles: Sensory Encoding of Length and Velocity

• Even in this place where there is no competition for power (the king is absolute) nor for goods (they are common), there is still a place for malice (cf. XII.35).
• Rasselas's encounter with the aeronautical engineer (VI) provides a pattern that is repeated throughout the narrative.
• The engineer's project would have seemed futile to Johnson's contemporaries: The attempt at human flight, though rational, is doomed to failure; the engineer's fall into the lake is typical of all human aspirations.
• The story of Imlac also prefigures the rest of the narrative: Though his father aspires only to the increase of wealth, Imlac recognizes that his own desire for the increase of knowledge does not bring him happiness.
• The possession of knowledge cannot prevent

Musical Transitions

Nationalism

This style is based on legends, folk songs, and melodies that capture the spirit of each country. The melody is composed of traditional sounds, often utilizing the repetition of notes. The harmony follows classic rules, while the rhythm remains regular and soft, performed by traditional orchestras.

Impressionism

A parallel movement to Impressionist painting, this suggestive music aims to describe visual images, sensations, and unique atmospheres. Key characteristics include:

• Melody: Blurred, short, and fragmentary, with an alternation of consonant and dissonant sounds.
• Harmony: Features a mix of discords and consonant chords.
• Rhythm: Lacks clear rhythmic patterns.
• Timbre: Utilizes unfamiliar sounds from traditional instruments.

Superstitions: Beliefs and Personal Experiences

Here I will discuss superstitions. But first, I will explain what a superstition is. A superstition is a belief held by many people, though dismissed by many others. Many superstitions are based on something that could bring luck or bad luck to the person who believes in them or not. I believe in superstitions because:

Verbs Followed by 'to' + Infinitive

Certain verbs are commonly followed by the infinitive form with "to." These include:

• Afford
• Expect
• Intend (plan)
• Refuse
• Agree
• Fail
• Learn
• Prepare
• Seem
• Appear
• Forget
• Manage
• Pretend
• Want
• Attempt
• Help
• Need
• Promise
• Wish
• Decide
• Hope
• Offer
• Propose
• Would like

Verbs Followed by Object + Infinitive

Some verbs require an object before the infinitive. Examples are:

• Advise
• Allow
• Ask
• Expect
• Encourage
• Forbid
• Force
• Invite
• Persuade
• Prefer
• Order
• Help
• Remind
• Recommend
• Teach
• Tell
• Want
• Warn
• Would like

For instance, "I asked them to come."

After Adjectives and Adverbs

Infinitives are used after adjectives and adverbs, especially with "too" (too much) or "enough" (sufficient).

For example, "It's easy to learn." or "She is too young to get married."

After "is/was + adjective + of

Common Irregular English Verbs with Spanish Translations

Infinitive — Past — Participle — Meaning (Spanish)

Environmental Vocabulary

• Active: Activo
• Activist: Activista
• Approach: Acercarse
• Approve of: Estar de acuerdo con
• Auction: Subasta
• Avoid: Evitar
• Ban: Prohibir
• Believable: Creíble
• Bid: Puja / Pujar
• Can't face: No poder enfrentarse a
• Charged with: Acusado
• Clerk: Funcionario
• Complete: Completo / Terminado
• Convicted: Condenado
• Cool: Enfriar
• Court: Juzgado / Tribunal
• Crime: Delito
• Cut down: Talar / Deforestar
• Damage: Dañar
• Deforestation: Deforestación
• Demonstrate: Manifestarse
• Destroy: Destruir
• Disapprove of: En contra de
• Dishonest: Poco honrado
• Dispose of: Deshacerse de
• Drilling: Perforación
• Dump: Verter
• Endangered: En peligro de extinción
• Exploit: Explotar / Aprovechar
• Face: Enfrentarse
• Face charges: Acusación
• Face facts: Enfrentarse a hechos
• Freedom: Libertad
• Fuel: Combustible
• Global

Causative Exercises

Fill in the blanks with the correct causative form:

- Why can't we meet tomorrow morning?

I'm having my nails done at the beauty salon.

- What did Jane do with her dog when she was away?

She had her dog walked in the mornings.

- Why is Britney talking to checkout?

She wants to have the shopping delivered to her home.

- There's a virus on our computer.

We must have it repaired immediately.

- What did you do with that letter?

I had it translated by my friend.

- It's a beautiful photo. I'm going to have the photo enlarged.

- An artist... She is having her portrait painted.

- Bob's hair has just been cut. Bob has just had his hair cut.

- He paid a lorry... He had the car towed.

- His tooth hurts... Have his tooth checked.

- I don't clean the... Continue reading "Causative, Passive, Relative Clauses & Vocabulary Practice" »

Characteristics of Sexual Reproduction

Human reproduction is sexual. This means that it's necessary for two individuals of different sexes to take part.

1. Each sex produces a different type of sex cell or gamete.
2. Fertilization is internal; it takes place inside the female reproductive system.
3. We are viviparous; the fetus grows in the mother's womb.
4. We are sexually dimorphic. This means that males and females have physical differences. This happens in many species.

Process of Reproduction

1. Gametogenesis: formation of the gametes.
2. Fertilization: joining of the male and female gametes.
3. Embryo Development: cell division and differentiation.
4. Childbirth: birth of the baby.
5. Development: cells increase and mature.

Changes in Adolescence

Adolescence begins with puberty,... Continue reading "Human Reproduction: Characteristics, Process, and Systems" »