Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

Roald Dahl (1916-1990)

British Author of Norwegian Descent

Roald Dahl was a British novelist and short story author of Norwegian descent. He achieved fame as a writer for both children and adults.

Early Life and Influences

Some of his most famous works include Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The Witches, and Kiss Kiss. In 1920, tragedy struck when his 7-year-old sister died from appendicitis, followed a month later by his father's death from pneumonia at the age of 57. Dahl attended several boarding schools, an experience he found unpleasant due to homesickness, leading him to write frequent letters to his mother. The inspiration for Charlie and the Chocolate Factory came during his time studying in Derbyshire, where pupils tasted chocolates.... Continue reading "Roald Dahl: A Darkly Humorous Journey into the Unexpected" »

Langston Hughes: A Literary Legacy (1930s-1960s)

Langston Hughes, a pivotal figure in American literature, began his prolific career with the cordial reception of Not Without Laughter (1930), his first prose volume, shortly after his graduation. The 1930s marked a significant shift in his poetic focus, turning more forcefully toward racial justice and political radicalism.

Activism and Global Engagements

Hughes's commitment to social justice was evident in his extensive travels and reportage:

• In 1931, he traveled through the American South, notably decrying the injustices of the Scottsboro case.
• His international journeys took him widely across the Soviet Union, Haiti, Japan, and other regions.
• He served as a newspaper correspondent in 1937 during

The Innovator’s Canvas

Similar to the Business Model Canvas but with a different approach, as shown in the image above. We will focus on two key components: The Why and the Value Proposition Canvas.

The Why

Simon Sinek argues that many companies start with “how” instead of “why.” Some even lack a clear understanding of their purpose. Apple's success is attributed to starting with “why.”

“People don’t buy what you do. They buy why you do it.” - Simon Sinek

Sinek's Golden Circle framework revolves around three questions: why? (purpose), how? (process), and what? (results).

The Value Proposition Canvas

This canvas focuses on creating value for customers through products and services.

Customer Profile

• Customer Jobs: Tasks or problems

Total Costs/SMH = (Fixed Costs) + (Variable Costs * UT%) + (Labor Cost)

The Enduring Impact of History and Religion on Society

Both history and religion have played a significant role in shaping contemporary society. Crucially, the effects of the slave trade continue to impact the world significantly today. James Baldwin, David Walker, and Barack Obama are all significant figures in the movement for equality in America, though they operated in different time periods.

James Baldwin: The American Optic

James Baldwin, an American novelist and essayist, focused extensively on the experience of being Black in America. He articulated the pervasive societal message:

All you are ever told in this country about being black is that it is a terrible thing to be and that the whole American optic is based on the necessity of keeping

HOT ZONE

equatorial- between 10ºN 10ºS , temperatures around 25ºC with little variation. Hot all the year. Annual precipitation higher than 2000mm. Rainforest (dense green vegetation)

tropical-10º and 30º N, the same S, annual temperature 20ºc variation between 10, 3ºC. Precipitation 2000mm south east asia, less than 400mm near desserts. Tropical rainforest and savannah.

desert- shares latitudes with tropical climates.  annual 20ºc, bid differences between day and night. Unde 250mm, irregular. Vegetation only at oasis.

TEMPERATE CLIMATES

mediterranean. 30º and 40º. Hot summers , mild winters, annual temperature between 10ºc  and 18ºc. Between 900mm and 300mm a year irregular. Woodland (holm oak and cork trees) and scrub.

Oceanic or

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

Anatomy of SCI

Shifting and crushing injuries often involve two right angles. White matter, the fluid surrounding the spinal cord, can be pinched, leading to neuron loss. Even after correction, the cord may not fully recover, potentially resulting in loss of function below the injury site. The central canal may be affected. Improvement is possible over time, with the neck being the most susceptible area.

SCI Levels

Neck injuries are more common than thoracic injuries due to the ribs providing additional stability. Cervical injuries (C1-C3) can affect arms, hands, and breathing. C4 injuries impact neck and shoulder movement. C5 injuries limit elbow flexion and shoulder movement. C6 injuries allow wrist extension but limit... Continue reading "Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): Anatomy, Levels, and Rehabilitation" »

Common Idioms and Their Usage

Capable
Many people believe that Edison is capable of winning the world championship in judo.

Gained
The burglars may have gained entry/access by forcing open a fire exit.

Get
I need to get my passport renewed because I'm going abroad this summer.

Wondering
I was wondering if you were willing to look after my dog while I'm away on holiday?

Point
I can see no point in that old computer being repaired.

Just
It's just as much fun singing in a choir as it is playing the drums.

Having
Clara denied having seen the missing letter.

Knowing
If he doesn't get that job, there's no knowing what he'll do!

Should
Under no circumstances should you let anyone else use your identity card.

Taken
An experienced accountant has taken over the... Continue reading "Mastering English Idioms: Improve Your Fluency" »

My Summer Holidays

My last holidays were my longest holidays, and I think I learned how to spend my time wisely. I had a lot of fun with my friends and family, and I met new people too. I visited different places throughout the summer and made an effort to connect with others wherever I went.

San Sebastian

My first stop was San Sebastian, a beautiful town in the Basque Country. A friend who owns a house there invited me to stay for a few days. I went with some friends, and even though we only spent five days there, it was enough to make us want to return next summer! We spent hours on the beach in the mornings, simply lying down, soaking up the sun, and gathering enough energy for the rest of the day and night! We went out every night until the... Continue reading "My Summer Adventures, Favorite Book, and Life in Barcelona" »

Direct Speech & Reported Speech

*PS: I walk -----> Past S: I walked.

*PC: I'm walking -----> Past C: I was walking

*P perfect S: I have walked -----> Past perfect S: I had walked

*Past S: I walked -----> Past perfect S: I had walked.

*Past perfect S: I had walked -----> Past perfect S: I had walked

*am/is/are going to: I'm going to walk ---> was/were going to: I was going to

*will: I will walk -----> would: I would walk.

*can: I can walk -----> could: I could walk

*Must: I must walk -----> had to: I had to walk

Times and Places Expressions:

• -now -----> then, at that time
• -today -----> that day
• -tonight -----> that night
• -this (morning/week..) -----> that (")
• -yesterday -----> the day before
• -last (week/year..)