Cardiac Adaptations and Cardiovascular Risks in Athletes
Classified in Physical Education
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Physiological Responses and Adaptation to Exercise
Exercising muscles require a significant increase in oxygen delivery. As an adaptive response to aerobic exercise, the left ventricle mass and volume increase.
Signs and Symptoms of Cardiac Distress
- Chest Pain: Angina
- Dyspnea: Shortness of breath
- Fatigue: Unusual exhaustion
- Palpitations: Irregular heartbeats
- Syncope: Fainting
- Claudication: Limping
- Dermatological Indicators: Changes in skin and nail temperature, color, or appearance
- Edema: Swelling
Minimum Components for Preparticipation Physicals
Screening should include a review of family history regarding premature death of a relative younger than 50 years diagnosed with heart disease. Clinical indicators include:
- Heart murmur
- Hypertension
- Unusual fatigue
- Exertional