Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

English Grammar Essentials

English Verb Tenses

Present Tenses

• Present Simple: I work, I don't work.
• Present Continuous: I am working, I am not working.
• Present Perfect: I have worked, I haven't worked.
• Present Perfect Continuous: I have been working, I haven't been working.

Past Tenses

• Past Simple: I worked, I didn't work. Common time expressions: last week, yesterday, ago.
• Past Continuous: I was working, I wasn't working. Common time expressions: at that moment, while, when.
• Past Perfect: I had worked, I hadn't worked. Common time expressions: never, since, for, already, just, still, yet, before.
• Past Perfect Continuous: I had been working, I hadn't been working.

Future & Conditional Tenses

• Future Simple (Will): I will work, I won't work.
• Future Simple

The Iberian Pig

The Iberian pig has dark skin with a sparse coat, a pointed snout, and long, slender legs. The genetic trait of this breed is its ability to store fat in muscle tissue, the key to the unmistakable flavor and texture of Iberian hams.

Grazing in the Dehesa

Here, pastures are in fact open woodlands of holm oaks and cork oaks. A traditional, well-balanced diet that is essential to the quality of its meat. The dehesa pastureland is one of the best-preserved ecosystems in Europe, where Iberian pigs breed side by side with wild species, such as rabbits, lizards, or imperial eagles.

Forest Exploitation

Advantages

• The production of wood (to create houses).
• The production of paper (to write).
• The production of furniture.
• Cork
• Resin

Disadvantages

• Forests

Angular Kinetics

Center of Mass

Point around which mass or weight is considered to be concentrated.

Determining COG

• Balance method
• Suspension method
• MRI reconstruction
• Segmental

Segmental Limitation

• Based on Caucasian male cadavers
• Completed in 1930s
• Based on segments being truncated cones

Mechanical Stability

Ability to maintain vertical projection of CG within base of support.

Ways to Increase MS

• Increase mass
• Increase friction between body and surface
• Increased size of base support

Angular Inertia

Property of an object to resist changes in its angular motion.

Factors Influence

Radius has larger influence than mass.

Center of Mass

Point where gravitational force is applied balance

Radius of Gyration

Point where mass can conceptually be concentrated such that it does... Continue reading "Angular Kinetics and Biomechanics" »

Linear Kinetics

Law 1 of Inertia: object at rest and no external forces acting on it remains at rest, object in motion stays in motion, object at rest stays at rest, Law 2 of Acceleration: Change in motion is proportional to the force impressed and is made in direction of straight line. Force causes acceleration Law of Reaction: forces never act in isolation, but in pairs, forces equal to magnitude, in opposite direction. Conservation of Momentum: momentum before impact equals momentum after impact Impulse-momemtum: Ft=m(VF-VI) M=mv I=Ft

Torques & Moments

Torque: turnin effect produced by force aka moment, angular or rotary force, directly proportional to magnitude of force. Motion of a restrained system, force applied away from axis. Moment

International Trade Policy Analysis

Impact of a 20% Tariff on Personal Computers

Given the following information, we will calculate the cost to consumers, the benefit to producers, the change in government revenue, and the deadweight costs of a proposed 20 percent tariff on personal computers.

Calculations for the 20% PC Tariff

With a 20% tariff, the price of personal computers increases from $2,000 to $2,400 (a $400 increase).

• Cost to Consumers (Loss in Consumer Surplus):
  The total loss in consumer surplus is the area of the trapezoid

Part IV: A Voyage to the Country of the Houyhnhnms

1. Arrival and First Encounters

After being abandoned by pirates, Gulliver encounters a race of hideous, deformed, and savage humanoid creatures called Yahoos, towards whom he feels a strong aversion. Soon after, he meets the Houyhnhnms, a race of intelligent horses who rule over the Yahoos.

2. The Nature of Houyhnhnms

Gulliver learns that "Houyhnhnm" translates to both "horse" and "perfection of nature" in their language. He explains human society to the Master Horse, who is unfamiliar with concepts like deception, power, greed, lust, or envy.

3. Human Nature and War

The Master Horse inquires about the causes of war among humans. Gulliver explains three main reasons: ambition for conquest, government... Continue reading "Gulliver's Travels Among the Houyhnhnms" »

Lord Munodi promises to get Gulliver an invitation to Lagado's Royal Academy if he wants it, which Gulliver does.

Their projects include:

• To take sunbeams out of cucumbers
• To turn human poo back into food (ugh)
• To melt ice into gunpowder
• To build houses from the roof down
• To paint without sight, but according to the texture and smell of the colors
• To use pigs to plough fields
• To use spider webs to replace silk threads

This giant square has handles on all sides for the professor's students to use to turn the frame.

By turning the frame, the professor's students shake up the words hanging inside the square.

Whenever three or four of the words together seem to make sense, the students write down these phrases.

In order to find an accused person they could

Gulliver's Travels (1726), a prose satire by Jonathan Swift (1667-1745)

Part III: A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubbdubdrib, and Japan

Chapter 1: Pirates and the Floating Island

Gulliver prepares to set out for the East Indies. On the voyage, pirates attack the ship. Gulliver hears a Dutch voice among them and speaks to the pirate in Dutch, begging to be set free. A Japanese pirate tells them they will not die, and Gulliver tells the Dutchman that he is surprised to find more mercy in a heathen than in a Christian. The Dutchman grows angry and punishes Gulliver by sending him out to sea in a small boat. Gulliver finds some islands and goes ashore on one of them. There he sees a landmass dropping down from the sky and notices that... Continue reading "Gulliver's Travels Part 3: Laputa Summary" »

44. In this chapter they talk about the power of imagination and everyone talk about their dreams. Pekuah imagines herself as the queen of Abyssinia, the princess wants to be shepherdess  and the prince dreams of a perfect government. They decide to stop thinking about it because Imlac warns of the danger that some day those dreams may prevail over reality and reason.

45. They decide to return home and they meet an old man who shows his sadness at being alone because all his loved persons have died. The princess tries to cheer him up but responds that no praise can animate his soul because he cannot share that pride with their loved ones. Finally the old man abandons them and they are thinking about old age. On the other hand the princess and... Continue reading "Exploring Happiness: A Journey Through Rasselas" »

Rasselas: Episodes 35–43 — Reunion and the Astronomer

Princess, Pekuah, and the Search Continues

35. The princess is disheartened by Pekuah's absence. Rasselas hires musicians and makes every effort to amuse her, but is not successful. All the while she asks Imlac about the search. Imlac tells her to amuse herself and be entertained, to which she replies that she will always remember her friend. Rasselas orders a more diligent search to calm the princess and remove from her mind the idea of isolation.

36. The princess recovers from the loss of her friend, albeit reluctantly. She occupies her mind with other activities and reserves an hour each day to remember her friend. She preserves her love for Pekuah, and asks Imlac to continue the search.... Continue reading "Rasselas and Pekuah: Reunion and the Quest for Happiness" »