Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

The Endocrine System

The endocrine is made up of coordinated groups of glands called endocrine glands. They are called endocrine because they release hormones into the bloodstream.

Hormones

Hormones are chemical messengers that activate or stop, accelerate or delay many processes carried out by organs and tissues.

Health Diet (E.S)

Healthy diet, regulate moderate-intensity exercise, and don't consume drugs.

Health Diet

Healthy diet, exercise regularly, and practice correct postures.

The Control of Hormone Secretion

Feedback mechanisms in the endocrine system act similarly. When the amount of hormone in the blood reaches a specific level, a signal makes the gland stop releasing it.

How Hormones Work:

1. Stimulated endocrine glands respond by producing hormones

Territorial and Administrative Organization of Spain

1. Local Government

• The municipality (cities, towns, or villages) is the basic territorial division.
• Its government is in charge of the Councils, which are made up of the Mayor and several Councilors.
• Councils are responsible for providing essential services for citizens, including:
  • Street lighting
  • Cleaning services
  • Roads and pavements
  • Libraries
  • Sports centers

2. Provincial Government

• Spain is organized into 50 provinces.
• A province is a group of municipalities governed by the Provincial Deputation, whose mission is to promote municipal cooperation.

Exceptions to the Provincial Deputation Structure

• Foral Deputation: Applies to the Basque Provinces and Navarre.
• Island Governments:
  • Balearic Islands: Governed

CONVENTIONS:

practices, behaviours, ideas and styles regarded as normal or taken for granted.

DISCRIMINATION:

treating someone or some group as different or less-than based upon their identity.

DOUBLE STANDARD:

a set of guidelines or principles in which one group of people is treated differently than performing the same or similar behaviour.

EXCLUSIONIST:

the position of excluding someone or some group from a fundamental right or prerogative.

FEMININITY:

socially constructed characteristics or ideas typically associated with the female sex.

FEMINISM:

a philosophy and social movement centered on improving the status and lives of women.

GENDER:

socially constructed characteristics associated with biological sex; ie., feminine, masculine.

HIERARCHICAL:

a system... Continue reading "Understanding Media Representation and Social Issues" »

VSEPR — Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

Molecular structure — the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

Molecular structure and electron-pair repulsion

Electron-pair repulsion: electron pairs spread as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion. Unshared (lone) pairs exert an overall effect on the bond angles between shared electron pairs.

Hybridization

Hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that are identical in energy and shape. For example, mixing an s orbital and a p orbital produces two sp hybrid orbitals.

The structure around a given atom is determined by minimizing repulsion between electron pairs.

sp hybridization

• Geometry: Linear
• Bonded atoms: Two bonded
• Lone pairs: Zero non-bonded

A. Property, Plant, and Equipment (PPE)

1. Acquisition

   Assets are recognized at their net price plus all necessary expenses incurred until the asset is in a condition ready for its intended use.

2. Production Costs

   Includes direct labor, direct material, utilities, and other indirect costs directly attributable to production. General overheads are typically excluded.

3. Financial Expenses

   Costs associated with generic sources of financing, such as loans, may be capitalized under specific conditions.

4. Renovation, Expansion, and Improvement

   Expenditures that expand the capacity or extend the useful life of an existing asset, or significantly improve its functionality, are capitalized as part of the asset's cost.

5. Repairs and Major Repairs

   Routine repairs and maintenance

The Nervous System

The nervous system receives information from the receptors, processes and coordinates it, and generates orders to the effectors.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The central nervous system coordinates all the body's functions. It is formed by the encephalon and the spinal cord.

The Encephalon

The encephalon is protected by the skull or cranium and by three membranes, the meninges, between which a liquid called the cerebrospinal fluid circulates. This liquid protects the encephalon from knocks and blows. The encephalon is divided into three parts: the brain, the cerebellum, and the brainstem.

• The brain is divided into two hemispheres, separated by a fissure. Its surface, called the cerebral cortex, is rough and full of folds and furrows,

Separate the People from the Problem

The relationship tends to become entangled with the problem. Negotiators have to separate the relationship from the substance and deal directly with the people's problem. How to do it?

• Put yourself in the shoes of your counterpart.
• Talk about the ideas and expectations of both parties.
• Do not hold your counterpart responsible for your own problems.

Make sure the other party is involved in the decision and actively participates. Make it possible for them to "save face": Adapt your suggestions to the value system of your negotiation partner.

Articulate your emotions and acknowledge that they are justified. Allow the other party to let off steam.

Use symbolic gestures (e.g., shaking hands, a small gift).

Listen attentively... Continue reading "Effective Negotiation Strategies" »

Tertiary Sector: Definition and Characteristics

TERTIARY SECTOR: Activities involved in delivering services to meet people's or companies' needs.

• Immaterial activities: Do not produce material goods.
• Low level of mechanization: Undertaken mainly by humans, not machines.
• Very heterogeneous: Includes many different types of services.
• Examples: Transport, communications, tourism, trade, health care and education.

Transport System

Transport system — Means of transport — Infrastructures

Elements Involved in Trade

• Supply and demand: Sellers and customers.
• Merchandise: Goods and services that are

Child Psychology: Chapter 6 Study Guide

Piaget’s Theory

Basic Principles of Piaget’s Theory

• Assimilation
• Accommodation
• Equilibration

Stages of Cognitive Development

Sensorimotor Stage (Birth-2 Years)

• Adapting to and Exploring the Environment
• Understanding Objects
• Using Symbols

Preoperational Stage (2-7 Years)

• Egocentrism
• Animism
• Centration

Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 Years)

• Mental Operations
• Reversibility
• Can Solve Conservation Tasks

Formal Operational Stage (11+ Years)

• Hypothetical Thinking
• Deductive Reasoning

Piaget’s Contributions to Child Development

• The Study of Cognitive Development
• A New View of Children
• Fascinating Discoveries

Educational Applications of Piaget’s Theory

• Facilitate Rather Than Direct Children’s Learning
• Recognize Individual Differences