Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

Markowitz Model Assumptions

Harry Markowitz was the first to investigate financial markets in this way. He developed the theory of portfolio selection based on the best conditions for the placement of capital in a situation of uncertainty.

Investor Motivation & Portfolio Goals

Markowitz focuses his work on defining the factors that motivate the investor when investing. It is based on the utility function of the investor that depends on the profitability he wants to obtain and the risk he can assume. What it intends is to compose an optimal portfolio of securities for an investor, this being the best possible among all those that can be formed. It will be a search for a portfolio where performance is maximized for a given risk or vice versa.... Continue reading "Markowitz Portfolio Theory Explained" »

Linguistic Concepts

2. (1.5p) Define the following concepts as they have been used in this course, giving an example of each:

Meronymy

Meronymy is the semantic relation between a lexical item denoting a part and that denoting the corresponding whole. Meronyms are mentally triggered, since our minds have scripts, e.g., knowledge about event sequences due to knowledge of the world. We have scripts for events that commonly occur in our lives, such as going to a doctor's office, a restaurant, a library, or the supermarket.

Converses

Converses are pairs of opposite terms characterized by the following feature: when one member of the pair is substituted for the other, the new sentence can be made logically equivalent to the original one by interchanging... Continue reading "Linguistic Concepts: Definitions and Examples" »

Range: Definition and Examples

Range is a non-prototypical participant: the nominal concept implied by the process as its scope or range. Examples include song in "sing a song," games in "play games," and race in "run a race." Some, such as "live a happy life" or "die a martyr’s death," are derived from a related verb; others, such as games in "play games," are not.

Perhaps the most common type of range element today are the deverbal nominals which complement lexically ‘light’ verbs such as have and give.

Grammatical Metaphor: Definition and Examples

Any state can be conceptualized and expressed in more than one way. A more nominalised version encodes actions and states as nouns, which involves a complete restructuring of the clause. This... Continue reading "Linguistic Concepts: Range, Metaphor, and Tense Usage" »

1. Lexicology vs. Morphosyntax

Lexicology is the study of content words, or lexical items, focusing on the meanings and origins of words. Morphosyntax is the study of grammatical categories or linguistic units that possess both morphological and syntactic properties, encompassing the rules that govern these units.

2. Idioms: Definitions and Syntactic Types

An idiom is an expression whose meaning cannot be deduced from the meanings of its individual parts. There are two main syntactic types:

• Non-clausal idioms: e.g., pull someone's leg.
• Clausal idioms: e.g., he won't even lift a finger.

3. Dialectal and Stylistic Variations in Synonyms

Synonyms often exhibit variations independent of truth conditions, categorized as follows:

Dialectal Differences

Synonyms... Continue reading "Linguistic Concepts: Lexicology, Idioms, and Synonyms" »

Understanding the Fan: From Stereotype to Participatory Media Culture

Defining the Fan: Beyond Negative Connotations

To appropriately answer this question, one must first address the definition of ‘fan’. The term is an abbreviation of ‘fanatic’, which carries religious connotations, referring to devotees or those with secular faith. Historically, it has often been associated with negative societal perceptions.

Henry Jenkins and the Rejection of Fan Stereotypes

Henry Jenkins, an American media scholar and lecturer from the second half of the 20th century, extensively discusses various phenomena related to fans in his seminal book, Textual Poachers: Television Fans and Participatory Culture. Jenkins actively rejects common fan stereotypes,... Continue reading "Fandom Dynamics: From Consumption to Participatory Media Culture" »

My Future Starts Now

What do you think your future self will thank you for?

Good morning, I’m here today to tell you about how your choices affect your future and have a big impact on the rest of your life.

Our future is decided by the everyday choices we make or choose not to make. If you don’t want to decide yourself, you let someone else decide for you or you just don’t make the decision, [ZW3] but you don’t know what would have happened if you had made the decision yourself or if you had made a different decision. In books, movies, and TV shows, people say that you can’t change the future, but just by making different choices, your future might look way different.

The Importance of Choices

are very important, we all make at least... Continue reading "The Impact of Choices on Your Future" »

Minimum Level or Safety Stock

The minimum level is the minimum quantity of the material which must be maintained in hand at all times. The quantity is fixed so that the production is not held up due to shortage of the materials. In fixing this level, the following factors should be considered:

• Lead time i.e. time lag between indenting and receiving of the material. It is the time required to replenish the supply.
• Rate of consumption of the material during the lead time.
• Nature of the material. Minimum level is not required in case of a special material which is required against customer’s specific order.

Maximum Stock Level

It is the maximum of stock which should be held in stock at any time during the year. The quantity is fixed so as to avoid... Continue reading "Inventory Management Techniques and Time-Keeping Methods" »

Hate Me

Ellie Goulding & Juice WRLD

Lyrics

Hate me, hate me, still tryna replace me
Chase me, chase me, tell me how you hate me
Erase me, 'rase me, wish you never dated me
Lies, tell me lies, baby, tell me how you hate me

I bet you don't kiss her with your eyes closed
I bet you're still walking on a tightrope
Miss me so much, you've been goin' psycho
You ain't gotta say it, baby, I know (I know, I know, I know)

It's a thin line between all this love and hate
And if you switch sides, you're gon' have to claim your place
So baby, this time you're gon' have to seal your fate
Yeah baby, this time you're gon' have to seal your fate

And tell me how you hate me, hate me, still tryna replace me
Chase me, chase me, tell me how you hate me
Erase me, 'rase me, wish... Continue reading "Hate Me - Ellie Goulding & Juice WRLD Lyrics" »

Essential Rights of Crime Victims

• Right to Notice: The right to advisement of the existence of crime victims’ rights and the right to advisement of specific events during the criminal justice process.
• Right to be Present: The victim can physically attend the criminal trial and other criminal justice proceedings related to the investigation, prosecution, and incarceration of his or her offender.
• Right to be Heard: The right to make an oral and/or written statement to the court at a criminal justice proceeding (Victim Impact Statement).
• Right to Reasonable Protection: The victim’s right to safety from the accused.
• Right to Restitution: Money paid by the offender to the victim for losses that the victim suffered as a result of the offender’s

Causes of Deforestation

• Procuring land for cultivation
• Building houses and factories
• Making furniture, using wood as fuel
• Natural causes such as forest fires and droughts

Effects of Deforestation

• Increase in atmospheric temperature due to increased carbon dioxide concentration, leading to global warming
• Severe droughts and floods
• Changes in soil nature, water holding capacity, and soil erosion, leading to desertification
• Destruction of wildlife habitat, making survival difficult

Conservation Measures

Biosphere

The part of the earth that supports life.

Biodiversity

The variety of organisms on earth, their interrelationships, and their relationship with the environment.

Flora and Fauna

Plants found in a particular area (flora) and animals found in a particular... Continue reading "Deforestation: Causes, Effects, and Conservation Measures" »