Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

Pharmacology 2

Dependence: physical response, addiction: behavioral.

Pharmacodynamic principle Placebo effect: patient experiencing relief of symptoms or effect that cannot be attributed to medication. Receptor theory; receptor site, binding site for drug molecule, lock & key. Responses agonist(enhances support encourages response) antagonist( inhibits response drug fits receptor but fails to initiate) neutral(no response). Dose response relationship: inc drug concentration =inc potential receptor site=inc biological effect. Steady state: maintaining blood levels within therapeutic range.

Anti-inflammatories: Steroids: end in -one. NSAIDS: selective(COX2 inhibit celebrex) non selective: upset stomach (salicylates, propionic acid, enolic acid,... Continue reading "Pharmacology 2: Pharmacodynamics, Anti-inflammatories, and Homeostasis" »

The Baroque Era in Music (1600–1750)

The Baroque era is characterized by its extravagant and sometimes bizarre qualities in music, as noted by historians. It was a period of significant innovation and development in musical forms and styles.

Key Characteristics and Forms

• Opera: The most important new genre of the Baroque era. Unlike Greek drama which features spoken dialogue, opera is entirely sung. The emergence of homophony, with its clear melody and accompaniment, was crucial to the development of opera.
• Bar Form: A musical structure consisting of an opening phrase (A) moving to a contrasting phrase (B), often followed by a return to or variation of the opening phrase (AAB).
• Overture: An instrumental piece played at the beginning of an opera

Business English Essentials

Vocabulary Building

Acquire / Reject / Grow / Succeed / Benefit / Innovate / Flex / Operate / Profit / Increase / Fall / Install / Stress / Motivate / Create / Excite

Stressful / Lawyer / Responsibilities / Motivating / Employees / Illness / Communication / Training / Unnecessary / Recognize / Relationship (Relate) / Management / Performance

Grammar Practice

Modal Verbs and Expressions of Obligation

1. It’s not obligatory to wear a tie. You don't have to / needn't wear a tie. (Although, we could use "should").
2. This road is too bumpy. You shouldn't / mustn't drive so quickly.
3. Tomorrow is a holiday. We don't have to get up early in the morning.
4. You must drive on the right side of the road in England.
5. If you go sailing, you must

Understanding the Internet: A Global Network

The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that any device can join. It functions as a Wide Area Network (WAN), which is essentially a series of connected Local Area Networks (LANs).

Data packets are transmitted between computers using protocols that govern how information is sent and received.

Key Internet Technologies and Services

Technologies and services available over the Internet include:

• Web Pages: HTML documents presenting images, sound, and text, accessed via a web browser.
• Web Applications: Software accessed through a web browser.
• Native Applications: Applications developed for specific devices (e.g., smartphones), accessible without a browser.
• Email: Electronic mail communication.

Ancient Music: Foundations and Theory (BC to 500 AD)

What are the approximate years of the Ancient Music period?

The Ancient Music period spans approximately BC to 500 AD.

How did music develop over time?

As technology and culture changed, so did music.

What do we know about ancient Greek music?

Our knowledge comes primarily from art (vases) and writings.

Do we know exactly how ancient Greek music sounded?

No, we do not have any recordings.

Describe the ancient Greek culture.

The ancient Greeks were an advanced society in many aspects, including:

• Architecture
• Mathematics
• Philosophy
• Music

Who was Pythagoras and what was his role in music?

Pythagoras was a Greek mathematician who connected math with music, laying the groundwork for musical intervals and tuning.... Continue reading "Ancient and Medieval Music History: Key Concepts" »

Essential Vocabulary List: Definitions and Meanings

• Abase: To humiliate; to lower in esteem or dignity; to humble.
• Abet: To support someone who has done something wrong.
• Abeyance: Temporary cessation.
• Abjure: To formally renounce or take back (a belief or claim).
• Abomination: Extreme loathing or disgust.
• Aboriginal: Native; indigenous.
• Abound: To be numerous or plentiful.
• Abrogate: To repeal or nullify (a law, right, or agreement).
• Accede: To give in; to agree.
• Accentuate: To emphasize or make more noticeable.
• Access: The right or means to approach or enter.
• Acclaim: To praise publicly and enthusiastically.
• Accord: To agree; to be in harmony; to grant or bestow.
• Accouterment: Personal clothing or equipment; trappings.
• Accrue: To accumulate over time.
• Acquisitive:

Analysis

The poem, A dialogue between the Soul and Body by Andrew Marvell contains vivid and concrete imagery, and makes use of a number of conceits imagery, and metaphysical kind. In fact, the very basis of the poem is the metaphysical kind. In fact, the very basic of the poem is the metaphysical concept that the Soul and the Body are separate entities. The body feeling itself to be a victim of the Soul tyranny, and the Soul believing itself to be a prisoner inside the Body are metaphysical conceits.

Stanzas

1. In the opening speech, we have a graphic picture of a prisoner being held in chains and fetters, and about to be hanged on the gallows
2. In the second speech, we have a vivid picture of the Body going about like a walking precipice.
3. We have the

Body Parts

Vocabulary

• Ankle: tobillo
• Back: espalda
• Brain: cerebro
• Chest: pecho
• Finger: dedos
• Heart: corazón
• Knee: rodilla
• Muscle: músculo
• Neck: cuello
• Shoulder: hombro
• Skin: piel
• Thumb: dedo gordo
• Toe: dedo del pie
• Wrist: muñeca

Health and Fitness

Vocabulary

• Fit: en forma
• Healthy: sano, saludable
• Ill: malo, enfermo
• Strong: fuerte
• Unfit: no está en forma
• Weak: débil

Environment

Vocabulary

• Environment: medio ambiente
• Decrease: disminuir
• Eco-friendly: respetuoso con el medio ambiente
• Fossil fuels: combustibles fósiles
• Global warming: calentamiento global
• Greenhouse gas: gas del efecto invernadero
• Grow: crecer, cultivar
• Increase: aumentar
• Organic: orgánico
• Pollution: contaminación
• Produce: producir
• Run out: agotarse, quedarse sin

Additional Vocabulary

• Algae: alga
• Beef: carne

Retail Therapy: Finding Your Perfect Sweater

A Successful Shopping Experience

Sales Assistant (SA): Good morning, sir/madam. Can I help you?

Customer (CU): Good morning. I'm looking for a sweater. Have you got anything trendy?

SA: Of course we do. Come this way, please. What colour would you like?

CU: I really love colourful sweaters. Have you got any?

SA: Sure. What size are you? Large, medium, or small?

CU: Medium, I suppose. I usually forget it.

SA: Don't worry. Let me have a look. Okay. Here you are. Would you like to try it on? The changing rooms with a mirror are over there.

CU: Okay. I'll come back in a minute.

CU: I'm afraid it's too small. Have you got a bigger one, please?

SA: Certainly, madam. Here you are.

SA: That sweater really suits you.... Continue reading "Local Adventures: Shopping, Dining, and Navigating City Streets" »

Ezra Pound

Ezra Pound was a literary innovator, both artistically and personally. His motto, "Make it new," encapsulates his approach. His critical writings were unconventional, innovative, and unique, and he is characterized by his unacademic style.

Although he wrote extensively on criticism, he considered it a "very low, second-class activity." Unlike Matthew Arnold, Pound believed that literary creation was superior to criticism, finding literature "100 times" more important. However, he didn't dismiss all criticism. He believed the only valuable criticism came from artists themselves, using it to improve poetry. Only artists, he argued, were sufficiently familiar with the creative cycle to offer meaningful critique.

Pound attributed two functions... Continue reading "Ezra Pound's Revolutionary Approach to Criticism" »