Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

Athenian Rule in the 5th Century BCE

• 490 BCE: Athens defeats Persians at Marathon
• 404 BCE: Athens is defeated by Sparta in the Peloponnesian War
• Between these two events, Athens enjoys cultural and political supremacy.

Dramatic Festivals

• In honor of Dionysus, son of Zeus and Semele.
• Dionysus was reared by satyrs, killed, dismembered, and resurrected.
• In Attica, four annual festivals were held: Rural Dionysia, Lenaia, Anthesteria, and City Dionysia.

Origins of Tragedy

• Various hypotheses for the meaning of TRAGOIDIA or “goat song”.
• Aristotle’s Poetics: from improvisations by leaders of the DITHYRAMBS.
• Other hypotheses: recited stories, sung poetry, and narrative dance.
• First recorded author of tragedies: THESPIS.
• Thespis started dialogue between himself

Personal Interests & Hobbies

Travel Enthusiasts: Discovering New Cities

Hey, you too! Why did you join? Well, I signed up for this club because I really wanted to get to know like-minded people who are big fans of traveling too. I’d like to discover a variety of less-known and exciting cities to visit.

Culinary Adventures: Global Dishes

Hey, great thanks! I joined because I really wanted to meet like-minded people who are really keen on cooking like me. I’d love to learn how to make a variety of less-known and exciting dishes from around the world.

Language Learning & Cultural Exchange

Hey there! I joined because I really wanted to meet like-minded people who are massive fans of learning new languages like me. I’d love to speak with... Continue reading "Personal Interests & English Communication Skills" »

Multiples consist of using the multiples of a company similar to yours to apply to your numbers and get an approximation of what yours is worth. It is not the most accurate in my opinion.

An example would be the EBITDA multiple, you multiply EBITDA by that figure obtained by dividing the value of the company you are comparing yourself to by its EBITDA.

This method is useful because although the estimated value of your company is not precise, with this method you can see the evolution over time.

250. The increase in provisions is not considered an outflow of cash, so it goes to the income statement.

– 150. The following are considered cash outflows

Add the cash paid instantly by the customer recorded in the cash flow statement as cash received... Continue reading "Valuation Methods and Cash Flow Analysis" »

1. Global Strategy

Characteristics

• Cost reduction is the main priority.
• The head office determines the way to compete, seeking integration and coordination of value chain activities.
• Standardization of products and services.
• Centralization of production and R&D.
• Possibility to focus marketing and distribution in a few countries.
• Economies of scale.

Risks

• Other costs associated with geographic concentration.
• Less flexibility and adaptability to local and specific needs.
• Excessive dependence on facility location conditions.

2. Multi-Country Strategy

Characteristics

• Differentiation of products and services to adapt to local markets.
• High decentralization of subsidiaries.
• Consideration of social, economic, and demographic differences in each market.

Risks

• Local

1. Blame it all on: Mr. Selfridge

He was the first person to write the phrase: "The customer is always right." He always thought that the customer always has to win.

2. Empty vs Full Words: Sarah Hatter

Sarah Hatter talks about achieving the best customer communication by first taking care of your daily basis, curating your language, removing robotic and empty words, and adding more sincere and human "full" words.

• Empty words: feedback, issue, we don't
• Full words: Thank you, really sorry, great idea

3. The New Times

This section discusses why customer service in hospitality is everything. The days when customers were happy only to receive thanks are gone. We have to take into account the level of customer satisfaction to provide the best customer... Continue reading "The Customer is Always Right: Exploring Modern Customer Service" »

Frustrating Experiences

Sources of user frustration with contemporary user interfaces include:

• User frustration originated from interface complexity, network disruptions, and malicious interferences.
• Hard-to-use computers can affect workplace productivity, users' moods, and interactions with coworkers.
• Interruptions appear to be troubling to users.
• Memory serves as an indication of where frustration occurs while using technologies such as operating systems, web browsers, text editors, email clients, mobile devices, digital video recorders, and others.
• User frustration with mobile devices has increased over the years.
• Email has become a source of frustrating "spam."

Frustrating Experiences (cont.)

The top causes of frustration reported were:

• Page layout

Understanding Key Development Indicators

HDI (Human Development Index)

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and having a decent standard of living. It was created to emphasize that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing a country's development, not economic growth alone.

MPI (Multidimensional Poverty Index)

The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: health, education, and a decent standard of living. This index replaced HDI in some contexts. It is used instead of Gross National Income (GNI) because GNI... Continue reading "Understanding Key Development Indicators: HDI, MPI, GPI & More" »

First Period of Francoism (1939-1959)

Political Isolation and Repression

• Politics: During the first years (until 1945), there was a strong relationship with the Axis powers: Italy and Germany.
• After WWII, Spain was isolated. The UN declared Spain a totalitarian regime.
• There was only one political party: Falange Española y de las JONS.
• The era was marked by strong repression.
• Opposition remained hidden in the mountains, known as the Maquis.

Economic Autarchy and the Black Market

• Economy: The system of Autarchy meant Spain was isolated economically, which meant that it could not export or import any products.
• The primary sector was the most important. Except for Catalonia and the Basque Country, other regions earned their living through agriculture,

Teaching English to Young Learners

Children exhibit different developmental features depending on their age:

• Very Young Learners (VYL): Focus on listening, imitating, and learning through play.
• Young Learners (YL): Develop the ability to work and learn collaboratively with others.

Teachers should provide ample listening opportunities using gestures as clues. Establish effective dialogues by repeating, recasting, asking questions, offering positive reinforcement, and expanding on topics.

Developing Listening Skills

Listening is the essential starting point for language acquisition. Avoid monological approaches in favor of dialogical teaching. Expose children to real communication by teaching English in English, which reproduces the natural environment... Continue reading "Mastering English Language Instruction for Children" »

Essential Scientific Vocabulary

• Nitrogen Fixation: Any process that causes nitrogen to combine with other elements to form compounds such as ammonia, nitrates, and nitrites.
• Neutralization: The process of adding an acid and a base together to achieve a neutral pH.
• Macronutrients: Nutrients that we need in larger quantities to provide us with energy.
• Micronutrients: Vitamins and minerals needed by the body. A deficiency or surplus of them can cause severe health issues.
• Carbohydrates: Sugar molecules. Along with proteins and fats, carbohydrates are one of three main nutrients found in foods and drinks.
• Lipid: Organic fats that are insoluble in water.
• Osmosis: The movement of molecules through a selectively permeable membrane.
• Hydrolysis: A chemical