Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Primary education

1. common law: interpretation throught past decisions of higher courts wich interpert the same statues, applies customary law principles to similar facts, not all inclusive, ownership is by use
2. codelaw: legal system is commercial, civil and criminal, ownership by registration
3. islamic law: the interpretation of koran, complete sytem for propert rights, economics decision, type of economic freedom, prohibition for payment of interest,emphasis on ethical, moral,social
4. conciliation: formal or informal, private adn confidential, statements may not be disclosed, signature is recorded
5. arbitration: disinterested parties as referees, formally conducted, enfoceable under the law
6. litigation: fear o creating a poor image, unfair treatment in a freign court, difficulty

International Marketing Concepts

Sovereignty

Sovereignty refers to the powers exercised by a state in relation to other countries and the supreme powers exercised over its own members.

Conciliation

Conciliation is a nonbinding agreement between parties to resolve disputes.

Ownership Under Common Law

Under common law, ownership is established by use and registration.

Litigation in International Disputes

When all else fails in an international commercial dispute, litigation is the final recourse.

Cybersquatting

Cybersquatters buy and register descriptive nouns, geographic names, names of ethnic groups and pharmaceutical substances, and other similar descriptors and hold them until they can be sold at an inflated price.

Islamic Law

Islamic law is known as... Continue reading "International Marketing Strategies: A Comprehensive Guide" »

Common Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs in English do not follow the typical pattern of adding '-ed' for the past tense and past participle. Here is a list of some common irregular verbs:

• Be: was/were (past), been (past participle)
• Become: became, become
• Begin: began, begun
• Blow: blew, blown
• Break: broke, broken
• Bring: brought, brought
• Broadcast: broadcast, broadcast
• Build: built, built
• Buy: bought, bought
• Catch: caught, caught
• Choose: chose, chosen
• Come: came, come
• Cost: cost, cost
• Do: did, done
• Draw: drew, drawn
• Drink: drank, drunk
• Drive: drove, driven
• Eat: ate, eaten
• Fall: fell, fallen
• Feed: fed, fed
• Feel: felt, felt
• Fight: fought, fought
• Find: found, found
• Fly: flew, flown
• Forget: forgot, forgotten
• Freeze: froze, frozen
• Get: got, got (or gotten in American English)

Geological Processes and Clay Formation

Clay is formed through two geological processes: weathering and erosion.

Source Material for Clay

The material broken down into clay by these processes is primarily granite rock.

Classifications of Clay

Clay is classified into two categories based on its location:

• Primary clay: Found at the source of its formation, it is considered"pure" and includes only kaolin.
• Secondary clay: Found far from its source, it has traveled through erosion, picking up contaminants and undergoing particle size changes.

Types of Clay

There are six unique types of clay:

• Kaolin: Pure, white, low plasticity, used in porcelain production.
• Fire clay: Coarse, contains metallic oxides, fires to various colors, highly refractory, used in industrial

Age of Industrialisation Proto Industrialisation

The period of industrialization before the first factories came up in Europe is termed as proto-industrialization. This period was marked by merchants from towns getting products made in villages.

Reasons for focus of merchants on villages:

• Powerful trade and craft guilds in urban areas
• Controlled competition and prices
• Prevented entry of new players in the market

Features of proto-industrialization in Britain:

• Merchants supplied money to the peasants in the countryside
• Peasants motivated to produce products for an international market
• Land becoming scarce in villages
• Peasants looking for additional sources of income

The Coming Up Of Factory

The earliest factories in England came up in the 1730s. By late... Continue reading "Proto-Industrialization and the Rise of Factories in Britain and India" »

Reading & Grammar Exercise Solutions

Reading Page 1 Answers (Set A)

Exercise 1: True/False

1. F; Although doctors can’t find any specific illness… they confirm that the health problems are genuine.
2. F; In some cases, they tell sufferers that they should not continue working in a particular building.
3. F; However, not everyone is sure that people are becoming ill because of the air.
4. T; According to some experts, the workers’ symptoms may actually be caused by stress, boredom and bad relationships with their co-workers and managers.
5. F; … there can be no doubt that bad air is not good for people’s health.

Exercise 2: Short Answers

1. They can’t explain its causes.
2. Heat to escape / fresh air in through windows.
3. Are bad.
4. Not good for people’s health.

Unit 9

1) Compound Adjectives

• Bald-headed: Calvo
• Bad-tempered: Enfadado
• Brown-eyed: Ojos marrones
• Curly-haired: Rizado
• Easy-going: Fácil
• Long-legged: Patilargo
• Rosy-cheeked: Mejilla rosa
• Suntanned: Moreno
• Warm-hearted: Amable
• Broad-minded: De mente abierta
• Self-disciplined: Centrado
• Big-headed: Cabezón

2) Body Idioms

• a) Keep an eye on someone
• b) Twist someone's arm
• c) Pull someone's leg
• d) Put your foot in it
• e) Be on the tip of your tongue
• f) Give someone a hand
• g) Keep a straight face
• h) Pick someone's brains

3) Relative Clauses

The plasma TV has broken. I only bought it last week.

The plasma TV, which I bought last week, has broken.

Unit 10

1) Expressions with Mind

• a) Mind your own business
• b) Do you mind if...?
• c) I don't mind + noun or -ing
• d) Change your mind
• e) Make

Common Irregular Verbs in English

((ser/estar)(Be)(was/were)(Been))((Empezar)(Begin)(Began)(Begun))((Romper)(Break)(Broke)(Broken))((Traer)(Bring)(brought)(Brought))((Construir)(Build)(built)(built))((Quemar)(Burn)(burnt)(burnt))((Comprar)(Buy)(bought)(bought))((Poder)(Can)(could)(been able to))

((Coger)(Catch)(caught)(caught))((Elegir)(Choose)(chose)(chosen))((Venir)(Come)(came)(come))((Costar)(Cost)(cost)(cost))((Cortar)(Cut)(cut)(cut))((Hacer)(Do)(did)(done))((Soñar)(Dream)(dreamt)(dreamt))((Beber) (Drink)(drank)(drunk))((Conducir)(Drive)(drove)(driven))((Comer)(Eat)(ate)(eaten))

((caer(se))(Fall)(fell)(fallen))((sentir(se))(Feel)(felt)(felt))((luchar/pelear)(Fight)(fought)(fought))((Volar)(Fly)(flew)(flown))((Olvidar)(Forget)(forgot)(forgotten)... Continue reading "Common Irregular Verbs in English and Modal Verbs" »

Why was - The Nation