Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Primary education

Realism in International Relations

Realism is one of the dominant schools of thought in international relations theory, theoretically formalizing the Realpolitik statesmanship of early modern Europe. Although a highly diverse body of thought, it is unified by the belief that world politics is always and necessarily a field of conflict among actors pursuing power. The theories of realism are contrasted by the cooperative ideals of liberalism.

Realists can be divided into three classes based on their view of the essential causes of interstate conflict:

• Classical realists believe it follows from human nature;
• Neorealists attribute it to the dynamics of the anarchic state system;
• Neoclassical realists believe it results from both, in combination with

Network Classification by Device Roles

Networks can be classified based on the roles of the devices within them:

• Client-Server: This is the most common type. A powerful server provides services to multiple clients and is always available. Example: A web server.
• Peer-to-Peer: In this model, all computers have equal roles and share resources directly. Example: BitTorrent.

Router Functions in Home Networks

Routers provided by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) often integrate the functions of multiple devices, including:

• Hub
• Modem
• Access Point

MAC Address Translation

The MAC address 08-2E-5F-14-93-A0 in decimal is 8-46-95-20-147-160.

Switches and the OSI Model

Switches operate at Level 2 (Data Link Layer) of the OSI model. Other devices that work at this level... Continue reading "Network Types, MAC Addresses, and OSI Model Explained" »

The Naturalists' View on Meaning

Ancient Greek philosophers who advocated this position viewed naming as a natural relationship between the signs and what these signs signified. They thought that the form of words was thus related to their meaning. This relationship was said to emanate from rigidly fixed inviolable principles on which man had no control.

The existence of a number of onomatopoeic words in natural languages, that is, words whose phonetic form is an imitation of the original sound they refer to such as cuckoo, splash, crush, and hoot in English, backed up the view held by the naturalist school.

The Conventionalists' View on Meaning

Greek philosophers who argued for the conventionalist explanation viewed the relationship of naming... Continue reading "Semantic Theory: Naturalists vs. Conventionalists" »

… Δ Qd Y1

EY = --------- × ---------

Δ Y Q1

…perfectly (or infinitely) elastic:

the extremely elastic situation of demand or supply where quantity changes by an infinite amount in response to any change in price; horizontal in appearance

perfectly inelastic:

the highly inelastic case of demand in which a percentage change in price, no matter how large, results in zero change in the quantity; thus, the price elasticity of demand is zero; vertical in appearance

(relatively) elastic:

the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in price; measured price elasticity of demand is greater than one (in absolute value)

(relatively) inelastic:

the percentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage... Continue reading "Understanding Elasticity of Demand and Revenue in Economics" »

Elasticity

Elastic demand: A high responsiveness of quantity demanded or supplied to changes in price.

Elasticity: An economics concept that measures the responsiveness of one variable to changes in another variable.

Inelastic demand: A low responsiveness by consumers to price changes.

Necessities vs. Luxuries

Necessities tend to have inelastic demands, whereas luxuries have elastic demands.

Short Run Versus Long Run

Price elasticity of demand is usually lower in the short run, before consumers have much time to react, than in the long run, when they have a greater opportunity to find substitute goods. Thus, demand is more price elastic in the long run than in the short run.

Competitive Dynamics

Goods that can only be produced by one supplier generally... Continue reading "Price Elasticity of Demand and Supply: Formulas and Examples" »

Horario General del Grupo:

Ciclo: , Año Actual

Detalles del Periodo Principal

Nota: El valor de "Fin" para este periodo general no está explícitamente definido.

Horarios por Patrones

A continuación, se detallan los horarios específicos definidos por patrones.

Horario del Grupo:

Ciclo: , Año Actual

Detalles de Horas por Patrón

Irregular Verbs

Social Groups

The growth of cities transformed the organization of feudal society. Many artisans and traders were not dependent on the feudal lords. This group was the bourgeoisie.

Verb Phrases

• Buy a newspaper: comprar un periódico
• Call a taxi: llamar a un taxi
• Dance the tango: bailar el tango
• Draw a picture: dibujar una imagen
• Find a parking space: encontrar una plaza de aparcamiento
• Give somebody flowers: darles flores a alguien
• Hear a noise: oír un ruido
• Help somebody: ayudar a alguien
• Leave your bag on a train: dejar tu bolso en un tren
• Meet a friend: conocer a una amiga/amigo
• Paint a picture: pintar un cuadro
• Look for your keys: buscar tus llaves
• Remember somebody's name: recuerda el nombre de alguien
• Run a race: correr una carrera
• See a film: ver una película
• Send a text message: enviar un mensaje de texto
• Sing a song: cantar una canción
• Swim in the sea: nadar en el mar
• Take a photo: tomar una foto
• Talk to a friend: hablar a un

Decision Making and Problem Solving

Defining the Process

Problem Solving: Identifying the difference between the actual and desired state of affairs, and taking action to resolve the difference.

Decision Making: Defining the problem, identifying alternatives, determining criteria, evaluating alternatives, and choosing an alternative.

Types of Decision Problems

Single-Criterion Decision Problem: Finding the best solution based on one criterion.

Multicriteria Decision Problem: Finding the best solution considering multiple criteria.

Key Concepts in Decision Making

Decision: The selected alternative.

Model: A representation of a real object or situation.

• Iconic Model: A physical replica of a real object.
• Analog Model: A physical representation, but doesn'