Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Primary education

… Δ Qd Y1

EY = --------- × ---------

Δ Y Q1

…perfectly (or infinitely) elastic:

the extremely elastic situation of demand or supply where quantity changes by an infinite amount in response to any change in price; horizontal in appearance

perfectly inelastic:

the highly inelastic case of demand in which a percentage change in price, no matter how large, results in zero change in the quantity; thus, the price elasticity of demand is zero; vertical in appearance

(relatively) elastic:

the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in price; measured price elasticity of demand is greater than one (in absolute value)

(relatively) inelastic:

the percentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage... Continue reading "Understanding Elasticity of Demand and Revenue in Economics" »

Elasticity

Elastic demand: A high responsiveness of quantity demanded or supplied to changes in price.

Elasticity: An economics concept that measures the responsiveness of one variable to changes in another variable.

Inelastic demand: A low responsiveness by consumers to price changes.

Necessities vs. Luxuries

Necessities tend to have inelastic demands, whereas luxuries have elastic demands.

Short Run Versus Long Run

Price elasticity of demand is usually lower in the short run, before consumers have much time to react, than in the long run, when they have a greater opportunity to find substitute goods. Thus, demand is more price elastic in the long run than in the short run.

Competitive Dynamics

Goods that can only be produced by one supplier generally... Continue reading "Price Elasticity of Demand and Supply: Formulas and Examples" »

Irregular Verbs

Social Groups

The growth of cities transformed the organization of feudal society. Many artisans and traders were not dependent on the feudal lords. This group was the bourgeoisie.

Verb Phrases

• Buy a newspaper: comprar un periódico
• Call a taxi: llamar a un taxi
• Dance the tango: bailar el tango
• Draw a picture: dibujar una imagen
• Find a parking space: encontrar una plaza de aparcamiento
• Give somebody flowers: darles flores a alguien
• Hear a noise: oír un ruido
• Help somebody: ayudar a alguien
• Leave your bag on a train: dejar tu bolso en un tren
• Meet a friend: conocer a una amiga/amigo
• Paint a picture: pintar un cuadro
• Look for your keys: buscar tus llaves
• Remember somebody's name: recuerda el nombre de alguien
• Run a race: correr una carrera
• See a film: ver una película
• Send a text message: enviar un mensaje de texto
• Sing a song: cantar una canción
• Swim in the sea: nadar en el mar
• Take a photo: tomar una foto
• Talk to a friend: hablar a un

UND6 12Would you like to freshen out / up/ off before dinner? 13I will pick Mr Hayes off / out / upfrom the hotel.14He needed more time to show them up / around / for the factory, so I guess they’re still there.15You will need to check out / in/ on at reception when you arrive, and then join us in the bar.16One thing I’d like to do while I’m here is to meet along / up / on with an old friend who lives in the centre of town.17How about eating in / out / with at that Restaurant?

AOK. The first thing to remember is that you ²⁵have to log on, so you’ll Always ²⁶need to remember your Password.

BI heard that they change the passwords every month.

AIT is ²⁷supposedto reset them, but often don’tdo it. OK, once you’ve typed it in, wait

Moksha: Liberation

- Moksha is the end of the death and rebirth cycle and is classed as the fourth and ultimate artha (goal). It is achieved by overcoming ignorance and desires.

Jivas: Individual Souls

- Jivas are individual souls that come from water (chaos, universe) then illumination (order, liberation) then reincarnate.

- They are bound by maya, which hides their true self, which is characterized by eternal existence, consciousness, and bliss. There are an infinite number of jivas.

Mahayana: The Big Raft/ Karuna (Compassion)

- It literally means "Great Vehicle" and teaches universal salvation with emphasis on social concerns.

Bhagavad: Hindu Text

- Became an important work of Hindu tradition in terms of both literature and philosophy.

Tanha: Life

The tertiary sector and its activities

Evolution of the service economy

This sector plays an increasingly important role in the global economy. However, its relative weight depends on a country’s level of economic development. There are significant differences between developed and developing countries in terms of the quantity and quality of the services provided.

In developed countries, which rank high on the HDI, services tend to be located in large urban areas and tourist areas. They employ more than 60% of the working population. In major cities, like Madrid and Paris, the percentage employed by this sector is over 80%. The quality of the different services available gives the population a significant level of well-being.

In developing countries,... Continue reading "The Tertiary Sector: Evolution, Public vs Private, Financialization" »

The Republic (1873-1874)

After the abdication, the Cortes voted the Republic as the new form of government. However, the regime was unstable, headed by a political minority, the Republicans, who were themselves divided into those in favor of a unitary state, those in favor of a federal one, and finally the supporters of a presidential Republic.

These disputes undermined the credibility of the Republic. Therefore, the monarchists (such as Cánovas del Castillo), supporting the candidature of Isabella's son, Prince Alfonso of Bourbon, began to pave the peaceful way to the restoration of the monarchy, which they wanted to identify with political tradition and stability.

Eventually, it was a military coup (led by General Pavia) that really ended the... Continue reading "Spanish History: Republic, Restoration, and Canovist System" »