Comprehensive Labor Law: Rights, Contracts, and Workplace Regulations
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Classified in Philosophy and ethics
Written on in English with a size of 2.76 KB
Classified in Philosophy and ethics
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Unnatural morality, according to Nietzsche, is a morality of the weak and embittered, directed against the vitality of the body and its passions. It posits a superior "world of reality" whose attainment requires sacrifice in this life. Unnatural morality emerges in opposition to natural morality, which is the morality of the strong, based on the will to power and an appreciation of this life. Any morality that requires sacrifice and mortification in this life for the sake of another life beyond is deemed unnatural.
Transmutation of values: Nietzsche does not propose living without values, believing that to be impossible. Instead, he invites us to overturn the existing table of values. This involves overcoming... Continue reading "Nietzsche's Philosophy: Unnatural Morality and Transmutation of Values" »
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Thomas Aquinas posited the need for a demonstration of the existence of God. According to some opinions, such as those of Saint Anselm, such a demonstration is unnecessary since the existence of God is clear and evident, and only what is not clear and evident needs proof. However, Thomas Aquinas's opinion differs. According to him, a demonstration of the existence of God is necessary precisely because it is not self-evident that God exists.
To explain this statement, Aquinas distinguishes between two types of self-evident propositions:
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It is against natural law for any human to remove the primary right to marry, or to restrict the main purpose of marriage established by God: "Be fruitful and multiply".
The family, though small, is a true partnership, older than any other, with its own rights and duties, independent of civil power. Ownership rights conferred by nature are transferred to the man as head of the family, and this right is stronger as a person in society encompasses more domestic responsibility.
The rights and duties of the family are prior and more natural than those of civil society. If public authorities harm families instead of helping them, society would be worthy of condemnation.
It is a great error for civil power to arbitrarily... Continue reading "Family Rights and Social Order: A Natural Law Perspective" »
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Pythagoras was born on the island of Samos, Ionia. He later moved to Greece, where he founded his philosophical sect. Influenced by Eastern disciplines, such as Zoroastrianism, he became very famous and was considered a legend, even the son of Apollo. His doctrine reflected on the body and soul, believing the soul to be immortal and imprisoned by the body. The Pythagoreans also believed in reincarnation. Central to their philosophy was the liberation of the soul through spiritual work, which included philosophy, mathematics, and music, to create harmony and regularity in man. They posited the existence of fundamental principles underlying the concrete and changing world. Pythagorean thought heavily... Continue reading "Pre-Socratic Philosophy: From Myth to Reason" »
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Plato advocated a clear ontological dualism, believing in the existence of two kinds of reality or types of worlds: the sensible world and the intelligible world (or world of Ideas).
The Sensible World consists of realities characterized by multiplicity, change, generation, and destruction. It is the realm of sense-perceptible, material things, existing in time and space.
The Intelligible World, on the other hand, consists of universal realities. It is the realm of unity and the world of Ideas (or Forms).
Ideas are not subject to change; they are eternal, invisible, immaterial, timeless, and spaceless. They are known by reason and represent
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The Dionysian excess and tragic longing permeates Nietzsche's view of humanity. As he states in Beyond Good and Evil, "Man must be educated for war, and woman for the rest of the warrior. All else is madness." Nietzsche's anthropological reflection, while varied, consistently distinguishes between ordinary individuals and great individuals.
In Human, All Too Human, Nietzsche refers to distinguished individuals as "free spirits." These individuals are detached and adaptable, capable of embracing new perspectives and actions. They stand in contrast to "free thinkers," the Enlightenment figures of the 18th century who fought against the feudal regime and advocated for egalitarianism.... Continue reading "Nietzsche's Superman: A Philosophical Examination" »
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The utopia of the ideal state in Plato's Republic introduces valuable principles, some of which seem lost today:
However, we also find reprehensible aspects, taking into account the risks of this totalitarian system. If everything is driven by power, such as private property and the family (spouse and children), and considering issues of interest in the educational program, we seem to be overriding... Continue reading "Plato's Republic: Reason, Governance, and the Ideal State" »
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Consequences derived from a general law, which may not be universally agreed upon by all observers.
The branch of philosophy that reflects on human action.
The process through which individuals learn and prepare to live according to social norms.
The state of an act not being dictated by an external entity or individual.
Providing a rationale for an act or event as its author.
A human group organization recognized by law and custom.
A small-scale institution where specific types of subjectivity are created through practical actions and discourse.
A being capable of maintaining a relationship with the external world.
Derived... Continue reading "Key Concepts in Philosophy and Social Sciences" »
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Don Quixote embodies the transition from the optimism of the Renaissance to the disillusionment of the Baroque. In the first part of the novel, he is optimistic. However, in the second part, following experiences like the Cave of Montesinos and facing disappointment, he becomes more pessimistic, ultimately repudiating his chivalric ideals.
The Baroque period reflects a sense of disappointment following the Renaissance's optimism.
The novel's structure is accumulative (adventure + adventure). However, due to its length, there's a shift in the first part: Don Quixote initially journeys alone, but later travels with Sancho Panza, enriching the narrative... Continue reading "Don Quixote: From Renaissance Optimism to Baroque Disillusionment" »