Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Other subjects

Concrete and Welding Inspection and Testing

Concrete Testing

Slump Test

The slump test assesses fresh concrete consistency and indirectly verifies the correct water amount. Wet concrete is placed in a cone-shaped mold and allowed to slump after the cone is removed. The vertical distance between the mold top and the slumped mixture top indicates workability.

The slump is acceptable if within the specified tolerance. If unacceptable, another test is performed immediately. If the second test also fails, the concrete is rejected.

Welding Inspection

Visual Inspection and Slag Removal

Visual inspection checks for defects like cracking, slag inclusions, porosity, and undercut. For simple welds, inspection at the start and periodically during the process... Continue reading "Concrete and Welding Inspection and Testing Procedures" »

Project Cost Management

Project cost management encompasses the processes of planning, estimating, budgeting, financing, funding, managing, and controlling costs to ensure project completion within the approved budget. The ability to influence cost is greatest during the early project stages, making early scope definition critical. Project cost management focuses on the cost of resources required to complete project activities, considering the impact of decisions on the recurring cost of using and maintaining the project's outcome.

Plan Cost Management

This process defines how project costs will be estimated, budgeted, managed, monitored, and controlled. Cost management planning occurs early in project planning, establishing the framework for... Continue reading "Project Cost Management: A Comprehensive Guide" »

College vs. University

College: Usually offers more narrow programs and may not have graduate studies at all. Some universities use the term "college" to highlight a specific school of study encompassed within its institution.

University: Denotes a school that offers full undergraduate and graduate programs. Universities often devote themselves to research and are more focused on a specific subject.

Key Differences Summarized

• College:
  • Size: Smaller campuses and fewer students.
  • Program Types: 2-year and 4-year degrees.
  • Degrees Awarded: Certificates, Associate, and Bachelor's.
  • Enrollment: Open to all students.
  • Cost: Usually less expensive.
• University:
  • Size: Larger campuses and more students.
  • Program Types: 4-year and usually graduate programs.
  • Degrees Awarded:

Chemical Hazard Analysis: Prevention and Mitigation

Bromine Exposure

Hazard: Bromine

Consequence: Bromine Exposure

Preventative Safeguards:

• Routine System Pressure tests
• SHE critical Procedures
• Kynar Lined piping/glass vessels
• Hose inspection/integrity
• Equipment Strategy
• Safety Critical Instrumentation
• Materials of construction

Mitigating Safeguards:

• Bromine Detectors
• Automated Trip systems
• Containment Sump
• Emergency Response
• PVC containment pipe

Situations Leading to Scenario:

• Hose failure during Bromine Unloading
• Leak from Bromine Facilities/piping
• Long term corrosion of pipe supports
• Liquid overfill

Isoprene Storage

Hazard: Isoprene Storage

Consequence: BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion)

Preventative Safeguards:

• Safety Critical drain procedure
• Over pressure/

Innovation

What is Innovation?

Something original that breaks into a new market or society.

• Improving efficiency, effectiveness, and advantage
• Making an impact in the market

Why Innovate?

• Due to mass production in countries like China, companies are shifting their vision. To compete, they need to innovate their products.
• Environmental friendliness

Today's Musts

1. Collaboration: Working with others
2. Diversity
3. Agile Thinking
4. Creativity
5. Technology
6. Sustainability
7. Customer-centricity
8. Risk-taking

Innovation Manager Tools

1. Communication
2. Team Building
3. Task Management: Teams, Skype
4. File Management: Rules for uploading files
5. Conception: Taking everyone into account

Innovation Tools

1. Job to Be Done: Innovating according to the client's needs
2. Expectations: Creating expectations about

Business Planning Fundamentals

Planning is the process of deciding in advance what to do and how to do it. It's a core managerial function that involves setting objectives and developing a course of action to achieve them.

Importance of Planning

• Provides clear directions
• Reduces risks and uncertainty
• Minimizes overlapping and wasteful activities
• Promotes innovative ideas
• Facilitates decision-making
• Establishes standards for controlling

Key Features of Planning

• Focuses on achieving objectives
• Primary function of management
• Pervasive, continuous, and futuristic
• Involves decision-making
• A mental exercise

Stages of the Service Marketing Research Process

Complaint Solicitation

A method of communication to improve services by gathering customer feedback.

Critical Incident Studies

Qualitative interviews where customers share stories of satisfying and dissatisfying service encounters.

Requirement Research

Identifying the expected benefits and attributes customers desire in a service.

Relationship and SERVQUAL Surveys

Questionnaires assessing the customer-company relationship to identify strengths and weaknesses.

Trailer Calls or Post-Transaction Surveys

Brief surveys conducted immediately after a transaction to capture key service encounter information.

Service Expectation Meetings and Reviews

Eliciting client expectations at a specific time and later assessing... Continue reading "Service Marketing Research: Process, Relationships, and Recovery" »

Characteristics of Wireless Communication

• Information is sent and received using areal, infrared light, or ultrasound signals.
• The waves are propagated through space at the speed of light.

Characteristics of a Wave

1. Amplitude: The maximum value that a wave can reach, which depends on the wave's energy. The value diminishes with distance and is measured in meters.
2. Frequency: The number of times the wave oscillates per second, measured in Hz.
3. Period: The time it takes for the wave to complete a cycle, measured in seconds.
4. Wavelength: The distance it takes for a wave to complete a cycle, measured as the distance between two crests.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all electromagnetic waves from low to high frequency.

Frequency

Problem #6-1: 

A bank has set a Standard that mortgage applications be processed within a certain number of days Of filing.  If, out of a sample of 1000 Applications, 75 fail to meet this requirement, what is the epmo metric? 

75 errors per Thousand is equivalent to 75000 epmo. 

Problem #6-2: 

Over the last year, 965 injections were administered at a clinic.  Quality is measured by the proper amount of dosage as well as the Correct drug.  In two instances, the Incorrect amount was given, and in one case, the wrong drug was given.  What is the epmo metric?

DPMO = EPMO = [ (# of defects or errors) / (# of opportunities For error)*(# of units) ] x 1,000,000

EPMO = [ (3) / (2)*(965) ] x 1,000,000 = 1554

Problem #6-3: 

Make a check sheet and then... Continue reading "Mercator chart" »