Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other subjects

Differential GPS (DGPS)

The DGPS (Differential GPS) is a system that provides GPS receivers with corrections to the data received from GPS satellites in order to provide greater precision in the calculated position. It was designed mainly due to the introduction of selective availability (SA). The rationale lies in the fact that the errors produced by the GPS system apply equally (or very similarly) to the receivers close together. The errors are strongly correlated in coming receivers.

A GPS receiver fixed on the ground (reference) that knows exactly where it is based on other techniques, gets the position given by GPS, and can calculate the errors caused by GPS compared with its known position. This receiver transmits the error correction... Continue reading "Differential GPS (DGPS): How it Works and Its Benefits" »

SIM vs. Market Research: Key Differences

Market research is a component of the Marketing Information System (SIM). It is responsible for collecting information about customers, which is then processed by the SIM to support more successful decision-making.

Benefits of a Marketing Information System (SIM)

• Making better business decisions.
• Increased company competitiveness, enabling reach into new markets.
• Boosting sales levels and the success of products.

Key Uses of a Marketing Information System (SIM)

• Guiding and repositioning goods and services.
• Updating information for marketing decision-making.
• Controlling marketing activities within the business.
• Enhancing company prestige and recognition.
• Increasing sales performance.

What is a Marketing Information

Negotiation Styles and Features

Flexible and Cooperative Style

This style does not worry about the details and does not begin with very clear goals. Instead, it relies on defined negotiation, delegates easily, and often includes shared decision-making.

Flexible and Aggressive Style

This style is not interested in the details and has unclear goals. However, it tracks opportunities and delegates widely.

Negotiation Settlement Approaches

Analytic and Cooperative Approach

1. Cares about the details.
2. Is very well prepared and understands their position.
3. Seeks a defined sequence of events.
4. Is aware of their own side's needs, aims, and desires.
5. Analyzes the partner's strengths and needs, patiently addressing them.
6. Measures progress but may not be overly empathetic.

Technical Feasibility Study: Analyzing the Production Process

The aim of this study is to verify the technical feasibility of manufacturing a product or delivering a service. Moreover, it analyzes and determines the optimum size, location, investment, and organization required for production.

Production Process

The production process is the technical procedure used in the project to obtain goods and services from inputs. It is identified as the transformation of a series of inputs into products by a particular production function.

Description of the Production Process

The type of production process depends on the type of project or business, as it can be a productive project, a business, or a service. Independent of the type of project, there is... Continue reading "Technical Feasibility Study: Production Process Analysis" »

The Communication Process

Communication is the process where two parties, aided by a medium, exchange a message. This dynamic process connects individuals and social organizations, with media influencing both personal and societal aspects of human life. Every communication act involves persuasion, driven by an underlying intention. Information exists, but communication involves its transmission and reception.

Elements of Communication

1. Sender: The sender's intentions vary, influencing their persuasive power. Different senders have different levels of influence over receivers. Unclear intentions can lead to negative reception.
2. Receiver: The receiver is central to communication. Understanding the receiver's social and psychological context is crucial

Administration

Managers need to be competent to be efficient in their performance.

Key Managerial Powers

• Communication
• Planning and Management
• Teamwork
• Strategic Action
• Globalization
• Self-management

Understanding Organizations

What is an Organization? An organization is a coordinated group of people who work to achieve a particular goal.

What is a Manager? A manager is a person who plans, organizes, directs, and controls the allocation of human resources, financial, and material information in the pursuit of the goals of the organization.

What is Administration? Administration refers to tasks and activities involved in directing an organization in planning, organizing, directing, and controlling.

Types of Managers

Functional Managers

Functional Managers supervise... Continue reading "Effective Management: Skills, Types, and Actions" »

Audit Planning: Process and Objectives

Audit planning is the action plan that determines the procedures necessary to achieve the audit objectives. It is achieved by testing to obtain evidence to support the auditor's opinion, taking into account materiality and audit risk.

Audit Planning Process

During the planning process, the auditor should consider, among other things:

• A) An adequate understanding of the entity's business, the sector in which it operates, and the nature of its transactions.
• B) The procedures and accounting principles applied by the company, the consistency with which they are applied, and the accounting systems for recording transactions.
• C) The degree of efficiency and reliability initially expected of internal control systems.

Technical Project Documents

Technical project documents:

Memory's work is described in words.

Graphically describes the work Planos.Se

Budget.

The statement of the legal contract condiciones.Es

Antenna Mount

-By sections:

The maximum length of the mast that can be installed is 6 meters.

In poles with more than 3 meters, use a locking system with 3 struts located at 12.

The base should be anchored in the soil casing or on a concrete footing.

On each side of the tower, place fixation point rings anchored to the ground with a tensor to be adjusted to balance the tower.

After tightening the winds, install a second tower section and secure it with screws to the first joint of the sections of the tower.

When the tower gets too high, use a pole with a hook to... Continue reading "Antenna Installation and Troubleshooting: A Practical Guide" »

Control Sense

Restricted: Process to verify objective achievement and expenditure.
Large: Organization-wide verification of quantitative and qualitative objective achievement.
General: Informal and technical process of monitoring and assessing cultural and human factors, etc.

Control Features

Economics: Control cost should not exceed the value controlled.
Operation: Control should be simple to apply.
Significance: Control should be located in key activities for optimal follow-up information.
Consistency: Control features must be compatible with the controlled activity.
Opportunity: Checks must be timely.

Stages of Administrative Control

1. Setting parameters and methods for measuring performance (e.g., management approval with a score of 8).
2. Performance measurement.

Company Organization: Principles and Functions

• The company is a coordination unit.
• It involves the coordination of human activities and the use of material elements.
• In an enterprise, the work of coordination is called management.
• The administrative function of the company consists of four basic tasks:
  1. Planning: Establishing what is to be done.
  2. Organization: Using available information to assign tasks.
  3. Direction: Ensuring tasks are carried out as planned.
  4. Control: Making sure things are done properly.

Vertical Organization Principles

• Basic Principles:
  • Hierarchy
  • Authority
• Sub-principles or Basic Conditions:
  • Correspondence
  • Responsibility
• Derived Principles:
  • Unity of Command and Direction
  • Delegation and Decentralization
  • Span of Authority and Control (the number