Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other subjects

Managing a Crisis Gracefully

When the worst happens, there are tactics you can use to contain the disaster, or at least try to dampen it down before it gets worse.

Don’t Panic

If you’ve just realized a mistake, take a few deep breaths.

Fess Up

If you make an error, your audience will realize it before your manager does, and your manager would rather not hear about it via third-party sources. It’s better to own up and consult your team for their expertise.

Go Straight to the Top

Regardless of who made the error, the head of department should be the one to deal with it. Crisis management should come from the top, and using a junior staff member to deal with it is not only bad for brand reputation, it’s also bad for inexperienced staff to have... Continue reading "Effective Crisis Management: Strategies for Handling Challenges" »

Excellent managers come in all shapes and sizes. Their management style can be as unique as their personalities. Here are five things the best managers do – and don’t do.

What Effective Managers Do:

On the positive side, the best managers:

1. Keep the big picture in mind – They have a sound strategic mindset. They know their company’s business well and ensure that the activities of their unit, department, or division are always firmly aligned with broader initiatives and strategies.
2. Are consistent in their behavior – People like and need predictability. Problems arise for employees when a manager is erratic – for example, lenient and upbeat one day, and controlling and dour the next.
3. Treat their employees’ time as if it’s as important

A.1) Canada banned walrus hunt as it became a danger to the species population

Inuit subsistence revolved around the hunt of this large animal, so the government decided to make an exception for this community. Allow aboriginal people to sell their right to kill some of their walrus quota to hunters. They would collect the fee, serve as guides, & keep the meat & skins as they had always done. This way, trophy hunters fulfill their desire to shoot a walrus while the Inuit gain a new source of income, all without exceeding the agreed amount of walrus’ deaths. According to Sandel, they reached the best solution by employing a utilitarian approach. In order to maximize the happiness of all parties, market logic had to be followed. Walrus... Continue reading "Impact of Utilitarianism on Walrus Hunting and Cultural Values" »

Foundational Principles in Foreign Language Education

Evolving FL Curricular Goals and Approaches

Traditionally, Foreign Language (FL) curricular goals focused on linguistic principles and concepts for students to learn and apply. At present, in consonance with the Common European Framework (CEFR), FL goals are oriented towards the development of not only concepts, but also principles and facts, encompassing a broader range of skills and knowledge.

Integrating Cross-Curricular Content in FL Teaching

The teaching and learning of a Foreign Language provides excellent opportunities to introduce other curricular contents, contributing to a more comprehensive education. Various areas can receive attention within the FL classroom.

Effective Classroom

Understanding the Recruitment Process

Recruitment is the process of attracting individuals on a timely basis, in sufficient numbers, and with appropriate qualifications to apply for jobs within an organization.

The Employee Requisition

An employee requisition is a document that specifies the job title, department, and the date the employee is needed for work. It formally authorizes the hiring process.

Recruitment Sources vs. Methods

It's important to distinguish between sources and methods:

• Recruitment sources are where qualified candidates are located, such as colleges or competing companies.
• Recruitment methods are the specific means used to attract potential employees to the firm.

Internal Recruitment Methods

Internal methods focus on filling positions... Continue reading "Effective Recruitment Strategies: Sources and Methods" »

Decision-Making Conditions

Certainty

Certainty means that all the information the decision maker needs is fully available.

Risk

Risk means that a decision has clear-cut goals and that good information is available, but the future outcomes associated with each alternative are subject to some chance of loss or failure. However, enough information is available to estimate the probability of a successful outcome versus failure.

Uncertainty

Uncertainty means that managers know which goals they wish to achieve, but information about alternatives and future events is incomplete. Factors that may affect a decision, such as price, production costs, volume, or future interest rates, are difficult to analyze and predict. Managers may have to make assumptions... Continue reading "Essential Management Concepts: Decision Making & Structure" »

Demand Forecasting

All organizations operate in an atmosphere of uncertainty, but decisions must be made today that affect the future of the organization.

The Nature of Demand Forecasting

A forecast is a prediction or estimation of a future situation under given conditions. Demand forecasting helps managers make the following decisions effectively:

Major Short-Run Decisions

• Purchase of inputs
• Maintaining economic inventory levels
• Setting sales targets
• Distribution network management
• Working capital management
• Price policy
• Promotion policy

Major Long-Run Decisions

• Expansion of existing capacity
• Diversification of the product mix
• Growth through acquisition
• Change of plant location
• Capital issues
• Long-run borrowings
• Manpower planning

Steps in Demand Forecasting

1. Identification

Media and Technology Glossary

Journalism and Broadcasting

• Stringer: A freelance journalist.
• Shortlist: A list chosen from a longer list.
• Scoop: A story that one broadcaster (or newspaper, etc.) manages to get as an exclusive. This can often lead to a sharp rise in audience figures, as there is only one source of this information.
• Slot: A section in a radio or TV program which has a time allocated to it in a schedule.

Studio and Film Production

• Studio Manager: Ensures that the studio is organized in terms of bookings, equipment, and administration. They are often involved in the business side of the operations, making sure that they keep existing clients satisfied and attract new business to the studio.
• Set: An indoor location where the film is recorded.

Emotions, Stress, and Athlete Development

Examples of negatively toned emotions are anger, anxiety, sadness, etc. Using the example of the elite female shooter, she demonstrates how anxiety can be a good or bad thing. She can positively use negatively toned emotions to be fully aware of shooting her targets and also explains how if she was calm while shooting, it would frighten her more than calm her nerves. On the other hand, she explains that if she were to use a completely different rifle she may feel anxious, and in turn, be too afraid to use it. This is an example of how negatively toned emotions can be both useful and harmful.

The Impact of Stress and Anxiety on Performance

The level of anxiety or stress can decide whether or not the athlete... Continue reading "Emotions, Stress, and Athlete Development: Key Psychological Factors" »

Information and Communication Technology in Education (ICT)

The foundation of modern digital learning relies on ICT (Information and Communication Technology) and CAI (Computer-Assisted Instruction).

Foundational Elements Affecting Learning

Four key elements significantly affect the learning process:

• The Learner
• The Teacher
• The Curriculum
• The Infrastructure

The Potential of Information Technology (IT)

IT serves two primary roles in education:

1. As Object: IT defines the content and goals of instruction.
2. As Medium: IT is a tool used to enhance the teaching and learning process.

Infrastructure and Policy Factors

Effective integration requires addressing several infrastructural and organizational factors:

• Perceptions
• Curriculum Design
• Physical Infrastructure
• School