Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Other subjects

C. Benefits to the Educational Dimension

1) Organizational experiences are a social space and a key instrument for learning: Organizational processes are a real crucible for the formation of skills. The programs and activities of an organization produce situations and raise issues that create fertile ground for learning: learning to express oneself, to assume the exercise of responsibilities, exchange information, develop the practice of planning, etc. Both the successes of the organization and problem-solving enhance the ability of people to deal with others.

2) There is a social space and an instrument to promote the structuring of people's daily lives to create a stable frame of reference. Organizational activity becomes a powerful reference... Continue reading "Empowering Communities: Benefits of Organizational Participation" »

Relationships Vocabulary

Common Phrases and Terms

Item 4:

• Afraid of - afraid to
• Break up - split
• Common interests
• Common interests - couple - date - event
• Pair
• Fall in love with - love - to feel comfortable with
• Being comfortable
• Fond of - love
• To get on (your) nerves - make your hair stand on end
• Have a sense of humor - sense of humor
• Jealous of - envious
• Keep in touch - being in contact
• Lose friends - friends lose patience
• Lose patience
• Loyalty - loyalty
• Make friends - make friends
• Pleased for - happy - happy with
• Proud
• Proud of - relative - relative sense of humor
• Share common interests - share the same background - similar origin
• Interests like
• Sorry about - worth
• Treat - trust - trust
• Deal

Travel Vocabulary

Essential Words for Travelers

Item 5:

• Airfare - airfare
• Boring

Social Planning Perspectives

3.1 Planning Perspectives

1. The need for social planning.
2. The inescapable auxiliary.
3. The complementary productive.
4. Social planning and investment planning as instruments for social control.

3.2 Planning Traditions

1. Planning and social reform.
2. Planning as social mobilization has its sources in anarchist, utopian, and Marxist thought.
3. Policy planning.
4. Social planning and analysis.
5. Planning as social learning. On the conservative side, concepts were adopted by theorists.
6. A second line of a revolutionary spirit in which Dewey's influence, a more indirect source, ends up in the tradition of social mobilization.

The state's commitment to correcting social imbalances, with equal opportunities and social justice, will imply the need for... Continue reading "Social Services Planning: Strategies and Implementation" »

Understanding Key System Characteristics

Real-Time Systems

• Process data and return results quickly to influence the environment immediately.
• Interact with both users and the environment.
• Interrupt tasks to prioritize higher-priority operations.

Decision Support Systems

These are computer systems that provide information to managers for rational decision-making, but do not make decisions themselves.

Strategic Planning Systems

Knowledge-Based Systems (Expert Systems)

Associated with artificial intelligence, applying fuzzy logic. They contain extensive knowledge used to perform specific tasks.

System Representativeness

Information Systems

Must fully represent reality, integrated with all attributes: variables, data, states, transformations, and interactions.... Continue reading "Understanding Real-Time, Decision Support, and Information Systems" »

Administrative Process: A Comprehensive Understanding

Phases of the Administrative Process

Planning

Planning involves identifying objectives and determining the courses of action to be followed. It establishes strategies, policies, programs, and procedures to define what will be done and how.

Key Activities:

• Identify, clarify, and expand objectives
• Establish conditions for undertaking activities
• Select tasks to achieve objectives
• Establish policies, procedures, and methods for activity development

Organization

Organization entails distributing activities among members of the organization and establishing clear relationships between them.

Key Activities:

• Subdivide work into operating units
• Group operational obligations into operational positions
• Clarify requirements
• Select

Company Organization

The formal organization is the intentional setting that is made of the different tasks and responsibilities, fixing its structure so as to achieve the objectives set by the company.

The informal organization comprises a network of informal relationships that occur in the business field and have not been planned by management or established previously.

Synergy means cooperation. Synergy generates a greater overall effect than the sum of the effects that occur in each part separately.

The Division of Labor

Organizations can be hierarchically organized:

• Functional
• By product
• By markets
• Mixed

Organizations can be centralized with a hierarchical structure by levels, while non-hierarchical organizations are decentralized and have a flexible... Continue reading "Company Organization and Human Resources Management" »

Characteristics of Effective Job Design

Effective job design incorporates employee input. Employees must have the option to vary activities according to their personal needs, work habits, and the circumstances in the workplace.

• Give employees a sense of accomplishment.
• Include training so employees know what tasks to do and how to do them properly.
• Provide good working hours and rest.
• Allow an adjustment period for physically demanding work.
• Provide feedback to employees regarding their performance.
• Minimize energy expenditure and force requirements.
• Balance static and dynamic work.

Job design is an ongoing process. The goal is to make adjustments as conditions change or as tasks within the workplace evolve.

Operations as a Competitive Weapon

• Role of

Secondary Data Sources

Use of Tables

Tables categorize information and can be single or double entry. Their static nature presents summarized information in an orderly manner, which can be helpful for extensive data. However, tables may oversimplify information. They should support the report's details, not replace them, and always include explanatory comments.

Use of Layouts

Layouts illustrate complex relational and transformational processes. They offer a synthetic view of dynamic changes and developments. However, layouts require detailed explanations, similar to other graphical representations. Appropriate use enhances report comprehension and provides a global perspective.

Secondary Data Sources

Modern companies rely on reports and statistical... Continue reading "Secondary Data Analysis in Business Decisions" »

Corporate Social Responsibility

What is Social Responsibility?

Social responsibility is a philosophy that considers the impact of our actions and decisions on the physical and social environment. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) extends this concept to businesses, emphasizing their role as corporate citizens with rights and duties towards society.

Moral Commitment

CSR is not just another business strategy; it's a moral commitment based on a company's values and input from its stakeholders.

Benefits of a CSR Strategy

I. Organizational Benefits

• Company Policy: CSR contributes to a plan that determines policies regarding employees, the environment, and the community.
• Decision-Making: It clarifies decision-making processes related to established

Informal Organization

The informal organization is the organizational structure not intentionally defined by the company. It is the set of personal and social relations not covered by the company's direction that arise spontaneously. This occurs when people relate outside their designated work groups, forming unofficial groups. In these groups, unofficial information is transmitted in the form of rumors, and sometimes normal operating procedures have more strength than those prescribed. All companies have a formal and an informal organization. Managers, if they are aware of the existence of the informal organization, must try to positively impact the company's results.

Management Function

The management function is to manage the company's people,... Continue reading "Company Structure: Informal, Management, Charts, Control, and Organization" »