Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Other subjects

The Senses of Journalism

The media must adapt the informational message to the reality on which they write and the fundamental interests of man. This requires:

1. Truth: Necessary consent to the truth.
2. Appropriate Language: Using language suitable for the audience and subject matter.
3. Commitment: A commitment to the accuracy and integrity of what is written.

Qualities of Entrepreneurs and Citizens

Entrepreneurs

Journalists must respect and promote the freedom and responsibility of entrepreneurs instead of trying to cancel or reduce it. While an employer may want to spread certain ideas through the media, it is crucial to not omit or misrepresent reality.

Citizens

Citizens must be active subjects of news reporting. They must actively strive to:

• Seek out the

Focus Objectives

Effectiveness: The extent to which the organization achieves its objectives (organizational success).

Assumptions:

• The organization is a deliberate and rational entity.
• Organizations have clearly identified, recent, and well-defined objectives.
• The goals are few in number so they can be manageable.
• There is a general consensus on the objectives.
• The effectiveness evaluation should include measurable criteria.

Problems:

• Difficulty to measure the ultimate goals of the organization.
• Measuring the exact fulfillment of the objectives.
• Multiple and incompatible goals.
• It focuses exclusively on the results and may neglect the media.

Systems Approach

Efficiency: Optimal performance rating system that reflects the organization's ability to remain... Continue reading "Organizational Effectiveness: Approaches and Factors" »

Brand and Product Strategies

Brand: Name, sign, symbol, logo, or anything that identifies and differentiates a product from competitors. Brand equity: Intangible assets and liabilities linked to the brand. //Kevin Lane Keller - CBBE: The differential effect that customer brand knowledge has on their response to market activities and programs for the brand.

Product Positioning Process

• Identify relevant competitive products
• Identify attributes that customers use to differentiate among options
• Collect customer ratings of each product attribute
• Determine own product's current position versus competing offerings and highlight competitive differences - points of parity (POP) vs points of difference (POD)
• Examine fit between preferences of market segments

Occupational Health and Safety in the European Union

The Single European Act and Worker Protection

A fundamental objective of the Single European Act is protecting the safety and health of workers, carrying out an improved working environment. The Pocuro member states provide the best working environment, avoiding distractions caused by directives relating to administrative, financial, and legal constraints that hinder the development of small and medium-sized enterprises compared to larger companies.

Functions of the Advisory Committee for Safety

The Advisory Committee for Safety has four key functions:

• Assisting the committee in the preparation and implementation of activities in the field of health, safety, and protection at work.
• Exchanging views

Static and Dynamic Verification

Static verification involves inspections of software. It is related to the analysis of static representations of the system to discover problems. It can be supplemented by document-based tools and code analysis. (The application does not need to be running).

Dynamic verification involves testing software. It is related to exercising and observing the behavior of the product. The system is run with test data, and its operational performance is observed. (The application is running).

Test Program

A test program can reveal the presence of defects but not the absence of them. It is the main validation technique for non-functional requirements since the software is run to see how it behaves. It should be used in conjunction... Continue reading "Software Verification and Validation: Techniques and Testing" »

**Techno Model in Education**

**Characteristics and Derivation**

The Techno Model is based on the achievement of objectives, which are formulated as observable behaviors. It gives greater importance to the objectives, while the process has a relative value.

• Characteristics: Expressed in terms of observable behavior, it obviates the subjective processes that can be activated during the task. It is posed as a whole, aimed at improving assessment, and serves as a reference point for evaluating its effectiveness with the fullest concretion, quantitatively.
• Derivation: Defines the operating range objectively to target general objectives.
• Specification: Specifies the content to attain an objective at two levels: specific and operative.

**Application in

In more rigorous terms, it is called the Coriolis force. The force must be exerted on a body not to change its angular velocity when its distance varies with the axis, i.e., the force must be exercised so that the Coriolis effect is not manifested. This is analogous to the case of force necessary to maintain a body with a fixed distance from the axis; that force is called centripetal force, and whose absence causes the appearance of strength (or fictitious force), called centrifugal force.

Tide is the periodic change in sea level, caused mainly by gravitational forces exercising the Moon and the Sun.

Ocean waves are mechanical waves (i.e., material disruptions to half) of calls surface, which are those that propagate through the interface (the... Continue reading "Understanding Coriolis Force, Tides, and Nautical Charts" »

Barriers to Negotiation

Negotiating is not easy. In addition, there are a number of factors that directly influence the negotiation, preventing it from being successful. The main barriers are:

• Lack of practice: In this case, initial preparation and, above all, listening play an important role. When not used to negotiating, important aspects that will decide the course of the negotiation are often neglected.
• Lack of analysis of all possible alternatives.
• Fast concessions: It is better to listen and take time to assess.
• Lack of strategy, and the other party taking advantage.
• Missing definition of the field of negotiation: It must be determined what you want to achieve and where you are willing to concede.
• Insecurity: If you notice, the other party may

Company Mission

Mission: Represents the identity and personality of the company. It is usually a generic concept and always tries to answer two questions: What is the essence of our business? And what do we want? It serves as a reference and identification for employees and is usually stable over time but must be understood as a dynamic concept that can be changed.

We understand the mission as a set of variables (Bartlett, 1988):

• The product that the company offers.
• The consumer need it is to cover.
• The market definition or the scope of activity.
• Technology based on the production system or the provision of service.
• The distinctive competence of the company or its strategic assets (competitive advantage).

Tawadey & Campbell (1992): Standards to... Continue reading "Defining Company Mission and Strategic Purpose" »

Company: An organized entity created by one person or a group of people with the aim of achieving benefits or objectives, usually economic. Various factors contribute to production.

Company Size: Micro (<10 employees); Small (<50 employees); Medium (<250 employees); Large (>250 employees)

Legal Status: Legal capacity to act or undertake between an organization and the legal world, holding rights and obligations with third parties.

Types of Enterprises:

• Sole Proprietorship: (1 partner, unlimited liability, no separate legal personality)
• Limited Liability Company (SL): (2+ partners, liability limited to €3,005.06, separate legal personality)
• Public Limited Company (SA): (2+ partners, liability limited to €60,101.21, separate legal personality)