Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other courses

Corporate & Individual Climate Action

The Role of Big Companies in Addressing Global Warming

People with financial resources should be encouraged to invest in new methods of producing clean, renewable, ecological energy. The Government should sponsor these initiatives so that green jobs can be created for the many unemployed people in Spain and all over the world. America is attempting this on a great scale, and perhaps this could be the beginning of a pollution-free Planet Earth.

Harnessing Natural Resources

We must remember that the sun, the wind, the sea, and the ocean are available for us to investigate. We need to develop effective, renewable energy sources to help us maintain a similar lifestyle, integrated with the technology we, as... Continue reading "Corporate Investment in Clean Energy Solutions" »

Binary Conversion

Single-Precision Floating-Point

Format: 1 sign bit, 8 exponent bits, 23 fraction bits

Bias: +127 (decimal to binary), -127 (binary to decimal)

Double-Precision Floating-Point

Format: 1 sign bit, 11 exponent bits, 52 fraction bits

Bias: +1023 (decimal to binary), -1023 (binary to decimal)

Example: -17.6875 (Single-Precision)

1. Sign Bit: + = 0, - = 1 (In this case, 1)
2. Integer Part to Binary: Repeatedly divide the integer part by 2 and record the remainders.
3. Fractional Part to Binary: Repeatedly multiply the fractional part by 2 and record the integer parts.
4. Combine and Normalize: Combine the binary integer and fractional parts. Normalize to the form 1.xxx * 2^exponent.
5. Calculate Exponent: Add the bias to the exponent.

English Vocabulary and Grammar Notes

Question Words and Time Expressions

• Why: Porque
• Where: Donde
• Who: Quien
• What: Que, cual
• What time: A que hora
• What colour: De que color
• Whose: De quien
• How: Como
• How many: Cuantos
• How much: Cuantos
• How long: Cuanto tiempo
• How far: A que distancia
• How old: Que edad

Time References

• Now: At the moment
• Today: That day
• Tomorrow: The following day
• Yesterday: The previous day
• Next week: The following week
• Last week: The previous week
• Tonight: That night
• Ago: Before
• Here: There
• This: That
• These: Those

Modal Verbs and Auxiliary Usage

• May / Might: Maybe, perhaps, it's possible, I don't know if (also used with the participle).
• Could: Was able to, knew, managed.
• Must / Have to: It is your duty, it's compulsory/obligatory, oblige to.
• Mustn't / Can'

Digital Marketing (DM)

Overview

DM promotes brands through digital channels globally, offering targeted, personalized, cost-effective, and measurable marketing solutions.

Changes in E-commerce

Before

• Audience and medium-centered
• Periodic updates
• Scarcity of information
• Stages & consent-driven interactions
• Unidirectional communication
• Focus on information dissemination

Now

• User-centered
• Multimedia content
• Content-centered
• Real-time updates
• Abundance of information
• Hypertext navigation
• Knowledge sharing
• Two-way communication

Four DM Strategies

1. Database Marketing (DB): Designing and communicating the brand (e.g., Coca-Cola) to increase engagement, enhance customer experience, and cater to both old and new customers.
2. Customer Experience Design (CXD): Providing the

Core System Components

• Sensor: Temperature, daylight, or motion detection.
• Controllers: PCs, centralized controllers.
• Actuators: Motorized valves, light switch motors.
• Human-Machine Interface (HMI): Interface devices, specialized terminals.

Building System Applications

• Shading: Persiana (Blinds/Shutters).
• HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning): Temperature, humidity control, fresh air management.
• Lighting: Lighting control systems, motion detectors.
• Intercom: Communication via microphone and loudspeakers.
• Audio: Audio and video switching and distribution.
• Security: Control locking, surveillance cameras, motion sensors.

Energy Pricing and Tariffs

• Average cost per day / Average daily wage.
• Charges for peak and off-peak use.

Tariff Types:

• Flat Rate

Outsourcing an IR Process

Advantages:

1. Services provided by professionals trained in IR.
2. 24/7 monitoring.
3. Early notification of potential problems in the region.

Disadvantages:

1. Potential loss of control of response to incidents.
2. Possible exposure of classified organizational data to service providers.
3. Locked in to proprietary equipment and services.

Long Before a DOS: Six Tasks

1. Coordinating with the ISP.
2. Collaborating and coordinating with professional response agencies.
3. Implementation of prevention technologies.
4. Monitoring resources.
5. Coordinating the monitoring and analysis capabilities.
6. Setting up logging and documentation.

Potential Containment Strategies

1. Monitoring system and network activities.
2. Disabling access to compromised systems.
3. Changing passwords.
4. Disabling

1. Phone Call Vocabulary

Common Phrases

• Answer: responder
• Be careful: tener cuidado
• Break up: romper
• Caller: persona que llama
• Extension: extensión
• Get cut off: cortarse la llamada
• Hang up: colgar el teléfono
• Make a mistake: cometer un error
• Professional: profesional
• Put...on hold: poner en espera
• Put...through: pasar la llamada
• Repeat: repetir
• Ring: sonar
• Wrong number: número erróneo

2. Describing People

Personality Traits

• Angry: enfadado
• Friendly: amigable
• Funny: divertido
• Polite: educado
• Rude: maleducado
• Serious: serio

3. More Phone Call Phrases

Common Expressions

• Go out of the office: salir de la oficina
• Out of town: fuera de la ciudad
• Interference: interferencia
• Interrupt: interrumpir
• Leave a message: dejar un mensaje
• Leave a voicemail: dejar un mensaje de voz
• Line

Lesson 1: Introduction to Marketing

• Nature of Marketing

  Emphasizes achieving corporate goals through meeting customer needs.

• Customer Value

  Focuses on the balance between benefits and sacrifices.

• Types of Value

  Differentiates between price, performance, emotional, and relational value.

• Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty

  Importance of exceeding customer expectations.

• Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

  Utilizing CRM systems for better customer interaction.

• Evolution of Marketing

  From product-focused to technology and humanity-focused approaches.

• Societal and Sustainable Marketing

  Marketing that improves consumer and societal well-being.

• Market Orientation

  The difference between market-oriented and internally oriented businesses.

Lesson 2: Marketing Planning

Vocabulary (make and do)

1. 1. do
2. 2. made
3. 3. do
4. 4. do
5. 5. make
6. 6. doing
7. 7. made
8. 8. made

Travel and holidays

1. 1. cruise
2. 2. long-haul
3. 3. guided
4. 4. getaway
5. 5. working
6. 6. trip
7. 7. resort
8. 8. adventure

Phrasal verbs

1. 1. turned
2. 2. came
3. 3. get
4. 4. heading
5. 5. hasn't caught
6. 6. came
7. 7. are heading
8. 8. getting

Language focus (the future)

1. 1. will have learned
2. 2. are going to fall
3. 3. will come
4. 4. will pass
5. 5. shall
6. 6. get
7. 7. am not going to go
8. 8. opens
9. 9. will be sitting
10. 10. will go
11. 11. will have been working
12. 12. have finished

Contrast linkers

1. 1. despite
2. 2. nevertheless
3. 3. although
4. 4. but
5. 5. however
6. 6. whereas
7. 7. despite
8. 8. even though

Word formation (adjectives)

1. 0. pleasant
2. 1. various
3. 2. impatient
4. 3. peaceful
5. 4. mysterious
6. 5. destructive
7. 6. cloudy
8. 7. decisive
9. 8. additional

Subject: Visit to New York

1. 0. time
2. 1. will
3. 2. last
4. 3.