Notes, abstracts, papers, exams and problems of Other courses

Individual Agricultural Entrepreneur

An individual agricultural entrepreneur is a natural or legal person who holds ownership that allows them to pursue agricultural economic activity and assumes the risks and responsibilities thereof.

The LMEA (Law of Modernization of Agricultural Holdings) defines the owner of the farm, i.e., the agricultural employer, as the "natural or legal person holding the farming property and rights to organize members of the farm business with specific criteria, assuming the risks and responsibilities arising from the management of the holding, be it civil, social, or fiscal."

Requirements of an Agricultural Entrepreneur

• The existence of a farm organization is required. The constitution of this organization should be

Understanding Human Motivation

By Pablo Murillo

Motivation is a process or series of processes that initiate, manage, maintain, and finally stop a sequence of goal-directed behavior. It is the process by which stimuli, objects, mental representations, and images, as variables involved in human behavior, acquire causative value. This causative value is exercised over all behavior because motivation has intimate connections with attention, memory, learning, and other cognitive processes.

Memorandum: Conditions that cause, maintain, and regulate behavior.

These motives are not observable variables but hypothetical constructs: we can infer them from observable behaviors.

Levels of Motivation

Primary or Biological Motivation

• It is about the survival of

Core Coaching Concepts and Practices

Origin of Pedagogy

Pedagogy is the art of teaching. Historically, the teacher guided the child. Its origins trace back to antiquity.

Teaching Methodology

It is the path that leads to learning, encompassing the knowledge of teaching methods.

Defining Coach Interests

Consider two characteristics that define the diverse interests of coaches.

Coach Self-Control

A coach must develop self-management skills to serve as a role model for young athletes and perform their job effectively.

Intrinsic Aspects of Sport

Observe how children can benefit from sport:

• Pleasure in teaching
• Witnessing progress
• Excelling in our work

Fundamental Coaching Purposes

To aid in the integral training of children, developing their football concepts... Continue reading "Effective Coaching: Pedagogy, Psychology & Methods" »

The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)

A major national military conflict fueled by ideological, political, and economic tensions that mirrored the broader European unrest of the 1930s. The war extended beyond Spain's borders, attracting foreign intervention and becoming a testing ground for military tactics on the eve of World War II.

Domestically, social tensions stemmed from economic backwardness and unequal wealth distribution. This created widespread dissatisfaction with the ruling powers, who had failed to modernize the country, raise living standards, or achieve political stability. These profound political divisions, combined with social unrest, created an explosive situation that ignited a devastating civil war.

Consequences

The war resulted... Continue reading "The Spanish Civil War: A Nation Divided" »

Emotions

Types of Affection

Emotion

• Strong, immediate, and short-lived emotional reactions.
• Clear organ involvement.
• Relatively standardized behavioral response.

Feeling

• Diffuse, softer, and durable affective reactions.
• Mild organic and behavioral reaction.

Dimensions of Emotions

• Tone: How the emotion is experienced (positive-negative, pleasant-unpleasant).
• Intensity: Degree of physiological arousal (blushing, trembling), personal experience (feeling a strong emotion), and later behavior (more or less strong reaction).
• Duration: Short or long-lasting.

Biological or Mental Issue?

• Zajonc: Emotions are biological processes, preceding or following cognition but distinctly different.
• Lazarus-Ellis-Beck: Emotion is post-cognitive. Interpretation of the situation

Collective Bargaining and Agreements

Collective bargaining: A written agreement detailing the terms and conditions of employment, conducted between a corporate employer or organization and a workers' representative organization.

Collective agreement:

1. A collective agreement is reached when a majority vote is obtained from each negotiating party.
2. To be legally binding, the agreement must be written.
3. The agreement must be submitted for registration with the competent authority within 15 days of signing.

Performance Strikes: Requirements

1. Declaration: A direct declaration of a strike by employees.
2. Communication: Notification to the employer and labor authority representatives, with 5 days' notice (calendar days) and 10 days' notice if they are public sector

Observation as a Process

1. Concept of observation as a process:

It is a process whose primary role is to gather information about the subject under consideration. It is an intellectual process.

Assessing vs. Observing

2. Difference in assessing and observing:

Assessment is directed toward a decision, separating the evaluation of the trial. Observing aims to understand and articulate the behavior of all participants in a situation.

Observer Attitudes

3. Observer attitudes:

Factors include the observer's sex, personal characteristics, ethical character, and social background.

Categories of Factors

4. Categories of factors:

These include stable internal factors (ability, skill), unstable internal factors (effort, will), stable external factors (task difficulty)... Continue reading "Observation Techniques: Process, Types, and Functions" »

Income

The income figure is derived by multiplying the quantity sold by its market price. This figure is set by the free market as fluctuations in supply and demand occur. To increase revenue is to increase the product quantity sold.

This depends on the quality and the evaluation of the editorial graphics and their ease of communication.

• Sales to the Nth: This is the value of all copies sold through the various channels of distribution releases, with the added value of not being acquired by the public loose on the premises of the publication itself. The selling price is fixed independently.
• Subscriptions: These are made with all copies of a publication, previously sent to a recipient, upon request, and you pay in advance the asking price, according