Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other courses

Słownictwo Rozszerzone

Grupa B

Zadanie 1

1. maternity ward
2. registry office
3. stand up to
4. till/until the cows come home
5. an unearthly hour
6. soft spot for
7. run errands

Zadanie 2

1. cot
2. prom
3. sibling
4. hectic
5. dump
6. descendant
7. godparent

Zadanie 3

1. Extended
2. custody
3. binge-watch
4. browsing
5. socialise
6. raised

Grupa A

Zadanie 1

1. change a nappy/diaper
2. housewarming party
3. silent treatment
4. the small hours
5. back in the day
6. have a crush
7. distant relatives

Zadanie 2

1. midwife
2. bouquet
3. offspring
4. frugal
5. fast
6. ancestor
7. triplets

Zadanie 3

1. brought
2. scanning
3. foster
4. hit
5. immediate
6. orphan

Test

Grupa A

Zadanie 1

1. financially dependent
2. go out/go out with friends/meet friends/spend time with friends/leave the house
3. a good idea / a good plan/a good decision
4. enough time/ a chance
5. get on better/feel better/feel happier / argue less

Zadanie 2

1D, 2A, 3E, 4B,... Continue reading "English Vocabulary and Grammar Exercise Answer Key" »

Section A: R Basics and Data Types (Weeks 1-4)

Model Questions and Answers

Q: Create a vector v (3, NA, Inf, -Inf). Explain adding 5 to v.

A: The operation is element-wise. Missing values (NA) propagate, resulting in NA. Infinite values (Inf, -Inf) remain infinite.

v <- c(3, NA, Inf, -Inf)
print(v + 5)
# Output: [1]  8 NA Inf -Inf

Q: Given vector a, write code to count and replace NAs.

A: Assuming a <- c(10, 15, NA, 20).

• Count NAs: sum(is.na(a)) → 1.
• Replace NAs (e.g., with 0): a[is.na(a)] <- 0.

Q: Explain the difference between a[a > 12] and a[which(a > 12)].

A: Both select elements greater than 12 (15, 20). However:

• a[a > 12] → [1] 15 NA (Uses logical indexing; preserves the position of NA in the original vector as NA).
• a[which(

Unit 7A: Ups and Downs

• Doctorate: Doctorado
• Make a go of it: Tener éxito con algo
• Trial separation: Tiempo de separación (de pareja usualmente)
• Falling-out: Pelea
• Inherited: Heredado
• To come to terms with it: Asimilar/aceptar algo
• Make a clean break: Borrón y cuenta nueva
• Native: Nativo
• Relocated: Reubicado
• Golden anniversary: Bodas de oro
• Get-together: Junta
• Tie the knot: Dar el siguiente paso/casarse
• Flew the nest: Dejar el nido
• Arrived: Llegar/nacer
• Premature: Prematuro

Unit 7B: Talking About the News

• Causes outrage: Causa escándalo
• Causes controversy: Causa controversia
• Triggers violence: Desencadena violencia
• Riots: Revueltas
• Election: Elección
• Is widely welcomed: Es ampliamente bienvenido
• Creates excitement: Crea emoción
• Leads to resignations: Lleva a

Database Management Systems and SDLC

Chapter 1: Introduction to Databases

• Data: Raw facts like numbers, names, and pictures.
• TFPS (Traditional File Processing System): The biggest problem was when data changes in one file, it could cause inconsistencies.
• Cons of TFPS: Data redundancy, limited sharing, long development times, and high maintenance.
• DBMS (Database Management System): Software used to manage databases.
• SDLC (Systems Development Life Cycle): Plan, analysis, design, implementation, and maintenance.
• Prototype: Build a prototype, implement, and improve it over time.

Entity-Relationship (ER) Modeling Concepts

Chapter 2: Database Design and ER Diagrams

• Entity: A noun, such as a person, place, or thing.
• Attributes: Descriptions or properties of

Global Education Systems and Approaches

Educational Priorities in Key Countries

• Finland: Prioritizes equitable learning and minimizes academic competition among children.
• South Korea: Utilizes advanced technology, though its educational system is highly demanding.
• Brazil: Provides support to low-income families to ensure children's school attendance.
• Kenya: Aims to increase school enrollment, particularly in rural areas.

Understanding Education and Globalization

Defining Education

In English: Education is the process of learning knowledge, skills, and values to grow as a person and live in society.

En español: La educación es el proceso de aprender conocimientos, habilidades y valores para crecer como persona y vivir en sociedad.

What is Global Education?

a) Divide and Conquer Idea (≤ 8 sentences)

Split the array into two halves around a middle index. Recursively compute the maximum subarray sum entirely in the left half and entirely in the right half. Also, compute the best “crossing” subarray that ends in the left half (best suffix of left) and continues into the right half (best prefix of right). The maximum subarray for the whole array is the maximum of these three values. The crossing sum can be found in linear time by scanning leftward from the middle to get a max suffix and scanning rightward from the middle + 1 to get a max prefix. Use this recursively until the base case of a single element is reached.

b) Recurrence and Asymptotic Time

Let T(n) be the running time on n items. We... Continue reading "Divide and Conquer Algorithms and Asymptotic Analysis" »

SystemVerilog Fundamentals

• logic Data Type: Supports 4 states (0, 1, X, Z).
• Legacy Types: Replace old Verilog reg/wire with logic in SystemVerilog (SV).

• Always Blocks

  • Combinational Logic: always_comb begin ... end
  • Sequential Logic: always_ff @(posedge clk or posedge rst) begin ... end

• Assignments

  • Blocking Assignment (=): Sequential execution. Use in combinational logic (always_comb).
  • Non-blocking Assignment (<=): Parallel execution. Essential for sequential logic (always_ff).

• Module Definition Example

  module m(input logic a, b, output logic y);
  assign y = a & b;
  endmodule

• Concatenation: {a, b, c}
• Replication: {8{in[7]}} (Repeats the specified bit 8 times, often used for sign extension).

Testbench Development

• Instantiate the Device Under Test (DUT) inside

Key

• FL: Front leg; ML: Middle leg; HL: Hind leg; FW: Front wing; HW: Hind wing; Abd: Abdomen; mm: Millimeters; Usu: Usually; AKA: Also known as (used to indicate other common names)

Mouthparts

The mouthparts of an insect are located on the ventral or anterior part of the head. The mouthpart structures typically present include:

• Labrum: A cover that functions as the upper lip.

• Mandibles (jaw-like): Hard, powerful cutting jaws for biting and grinding.

• Maxillae (jaw-like): Pincer-like structures, less powerful than mandibles, used to grasp and manipulate food. They have a five-segmented palp that is sensory and concerned with taste.

• Labium: The lower cover or lower lip. It is the fused pair of ancestral second maxillae and has a three-segmented palp

Music

• Uwang Ahadas (Yakan, Basilan) – Master of traditional Yakan instruments (kwintangan, gabbang, bamboo gongs).

Importance of Tradition

• Protects heritage & culture.

• Combines functionality + creativity + cultural identity.

• Passed on to younger generations (schools, workshops, community).

• Tradition is Contemporary – adapted for modern use, remains relevant today.

Challenges Faced by Traditional Artists

1. Tourism – Rituals/dances altered for tourists; synthetic materials replace natural.

2. Mining & Infrastructure – Displacement, environmental damage.

3. Militarization – Insecurity prevents gatherings/knowledge transmission.

4. Conversion to Christianity – Some native practices abandoned.

5. Accessibility – Archipelagic... Continue reading "Contemporary Philippine Art: Traditions and Modern Practices" »