Notes, summaries, assignments, exams, and problems for Other courses

Returning to Primavera Sound 2026

This review covers my experience attending Primavera Sound 2026 for three days with three friends. It was our second consecutive year at the festival, and after having such a great time last year, we were really looking forward to coming back.

A Strong Lineup and Non-Stop Action

Overall, the experience was fantastic. The lineup was incredibly strong, and we enjoyed almost every concert we attended. One of the things that makes Primavera Sound so exciting is that there is always something happening. At the same time, this can also be stressful because you spend the whole day rushing from one stage to another, trying not to miss any of the artists you want to see. There were so many great performances that it often... Continue reading "Primavera Sound 2026: Highlights and The Cure Review" »

The Foundations of American Superpower

The United States became a superpower not because of its size or resources, but because of four mutually reinforcing foundations: strong institutions, economic dynamism, multilateral leadership, and the credibility of its democratic model. When all four worked together, the US achieved global influence unmatched in modern history. When it abandoned any one of them, the others proved insufficient to compensate.

Historical Roots of Self-Government

The story begins in 1588, when Spain's Armada was defeated and England took the lead in settling North America. Unlike France and Spain—which embraced absolutism—England had developed limited government: Parliament shared power with the Crown, and individuals... Continue reading "US Superpower Foundations and Latin American Political Trends" »

The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648): Causes and Consequences

The Thirty Years' War was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. It began as a religious struggle between Catholics and Protestants in the Holy Roman Empire but evolved into a political contest for power among European states. The war primarily devastated Central Europe, particularly Germany.

Causes of the Thirty Years’ War

1. Religious Conflict

• The primary cause was the friction between Catholics and Protestants following the Protestant Reformation.
• Protestant rulers demanded religious freedom.
• Catholic rulers and the Holy Roman Emperor sought to restore Catholic dominance.
• Tensions escalated following the Counter-Reformation led by the Catholic Church.

2. Weakness

English Vocabulary and Sentence Practice

Exercise 1: Sentence Completion

1. You must behave in class and follow the rules.
2. Last summer holidays, we stayed in a wood cabin in the Alps.
3. She was sneezing all the time because of her allergic reaction.
4. The doctor advised me to take a tablet every six hours...
5. The mouse and the keyboard are part of a computer’s hardware.
6. She would like to learn German to travel to Berlin.
7. The strange thing is that nobody saw him enter the building.

Exercise 2: Prepositions

1. We have to look for accommodation...
2. You can download the newest software from the Apple Support website.
3. The chemist carried out an experiment in the lab.
4. I forgot my password, so I cannot connect to the Wi-Fi.
5. You should sign up for those Chinese online classes.

Opinion Essay Template

Introduction

Nowadays, there is a lot of discussion about __________. Some people have different opinions on this issue. In this essay, I will explain my point of view.

Body Paragraph 1

First of all, I believe that __________ can have several benefits. It can make people’s lives easier and help them in different situations. For example, many individuals use it regularly and find it useful. Therefore, it can have a positive impact on society.

Body Paragraph 2

Furthermore, another important aspect is that __________ may provide opportunities for people to improve different areas of their lives. However, it is important to use it responsibly and be aware of possible disadvantages.

Conclusion

To sum up, although there are different... Continue reading "Master English Writing: Essay, Article and Email Templates" »

The American Revolution (1775–1783)

The American Revolution was the struggle through which the thirteen American colonies gained independence from Britain and formed the United States of America. It was influenced by ideas of liberty, democracy, and self-government.

Causes of the American Revolution

1. Political Causes

• The colonies had no representation in the British Parliament.
• Colonists opposed British taxes with the slogan, “No taxation without representation.”
• Britain increased control over colonial administration after the Seven Years' War.

2. Economic Causes

• Britain followed mercantilism and used the colonies for its economic benefit.

Important Taxes and Acts

• Sugar Act (1764) – Tax on sugar imports.
• Stamp Act (1765) – Tax on printed documents.

Section 1: Comparatives and Superlatives

1. The traffic during rush hour is significantly heavier than it is late at night.
2. Yesterday’s lecture was by far the most interesting talk of the entire seminar series.
3. Studying a master’s degree online is much more flexible than attending classes.
4. Of the two university campuses, the downtown one is definitely smaller.
5. This is the worst coffee I have ever tasted; it tastes like warm water.
6. Jessica runs faster than anyone else on the high school track team.
7. The prompt for this essay is just as complicated as the previous one.
8. That specific breed of dog is known for being the most loyal companion you can find.
9. The higher you climb up the mountain trail, the colder the air becomes.

Section 2: Prefixes and Suffixes

11. It

Present Perfect Tense Examples

• I have finished my homework.
• They have not seen that movie yet.
• He has traveled to Mexico three times.
• We have studied English for two years.
• My parents have bought a new car.
• She has never tried sushi before.
• You have cleaned your room already.
• The students have completed the...
• I have lost my keys.
• They have lived here since 2021.

Past Perfect and Modal Verb Usage

1. By the time I got to the cinema, the movie had started.
2. I had finished dinner before my friends.

• He could play the piano when he was five.
• We should wear seat belts while driving.
• I was nervous because I hadn't studied for...
• You should eat more vegetables to stay...
• She would help you if you ask politely.

English Verb Conjugation Table

Obligation

Environmental and Ecological Terms

• Drought: A long period with little or no rain.
• Creatures: Living beings (animals, insects, etc.).
• Soil erosion: The gradual wearing away of soil.
• Breed: To raise animals so they produce young.
• By law: According to official rules or regulations.
• Reusable: Can be used many times.
• Single-use: Designed to be used once.
• Biodegradable: Able to break down naturally.
• Biofuels: Fuels made from living things or organic waste.
• Population: All the people living in a place.
• Restore: To return something to a good condition.
• Recovery: The process of getting something back or improving.
• Greenhouse gas emissions: Gases (like CO₂) that trap heat in the atmosphere.
• Energy-saving: Using little electricity or power.
• Bank (river bank): Land

Major Causes of Poor Global Health (20 Marks Answer)

Introduction

Global health refers to the health status of people across the world and the efforts made to improve health conditions for all populations. Despite advancements in medicine and technology, poor global health remains a major challenge, especially in developing and underdeveloped countries. It is caused by a combination of economic, social, environmental, political, and lifestyle-related factors that affect individuals and communities in different ways.

Major Causes of Poor Global Health

• Poverty: Lack of income forces people to live in unhealthy conditions, unable to afford nutritious food, clean water, and proper healthcare, leading to widespread illness.
• Malnutrition: An insufficient